武汉市第三医院烧伤重症监护病房三年间鲍氏不动杆菌分布及耐药性变化

目的 了解烧伤ICU鲍氏不动杆菌临床分布特征及耐药性变化,寻找与其感染相关的危险因素,为制定防治该菌株感染的策略提供参考. 方法 2006年1月-2008年12月,收集笔者单位烧伤ICU 156例患者的血液、静脉导管、痰液、创面分泌物及咽拭标本,行细菌培养.分析3年间细菌分布情况,检测细菌耐药性,行鲍氏不动杆菌感染相关危险因素分析.用WHONET 5.3软件处理细菌耐药率数据,对其他数据行x2检验与Logistic回归分析. 结果 3年间共检出鲍氏不动杆菌92株,在2006、2007、2008年各年度检出总菌株数中比例分别为23.1%(30/130)、27.5%(25/91)、28.2%(37/131).菌株来源:来自创面分泌物41株占44.6%,咽拭、痰液标本均检出14株各占15.2%,血液标本检出13株占14.1%,静脉导管10株占10.9%.除头孢哌酮/舒巴坦和亚胺培南外,所获鲍氏不动杆菌菌株对临床常用的10种抗生素平均耐药率均达50.0%以上.烧伤总面积(x2=24.374,P=0.000)、机械通气(x2=8.968,P=0.003)、抗生素使用时间(x2=3.981,P=0.046)、深静脉置管(x2=9.170,P=0.002)是引起烧伤ICU鲍氏不动杆菌感染的危险因素,前二者为独立危险因素. 结论 笔者单位烧伤ICU鲍氏不动杆菌广泛耐药且检出率呈逐年增加趋势.严格执行无菌操作及隔离措施,规范性使用抗生素,避免气管切开及深静脉置管等侵入性操作或缩短其时间,对预防和控制鲍氏不动杆菌感染有重要意义.

Distribution and vicissitude of drug resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii in burn intensive care unit of Wuhan City Hospital No.3 in three years

Objective To study the clinical distribution characteristics and vicissitude of antibiotic resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii (AB) , and to look for the risk factors of AB infection in order to provide reasonable reference for the prevention and treatment of its infection. Methods Specimens of blood,venous catheters, sputum, wound exudates and pharyngeal swabs from 156 patients hospitalized in our burn ICU from January 2006 to December 2008 were collected and cultured. The clinical distribution and antibiotic resistance of AB were determined and analyzed. The risk factors related to AB infection were analyzed.Drug resistance rate data were processed with WHONET 5.3 software; the other data were processed with chi-square test and Logistic regression analysis. Results Ninety-two strains of AB were identified during the three years from different kinds of specimens, with 41 (44.6%) from wound exudates, 14(15.2%)from pharyngeal swabs and sputum respectively, 13 (14.1%) from blood, and 10 (10.9%) from venous catheters. AB accounted for 23.1% (30/130), 27.5% (25/91), 28.2% (37/131) respectively among the strains detected in 2006, 2007, and 2008. During the three years, except for imepenum and cefoperazone/sulbactam, the average resistance rates of AB to other ten commonly used antibiotics were all above 50. 0%. Burn area(x2 = 24. 374, P = 0. 000) , mechanical ventilation(x 2 = 8. 968, P = 0. 003) , duration of use of antibiotics(x2 = 3. 981, P = 0.046), and deep venous catheterization(x2 = 9. 170, P =0. 002) were the risk factors of AB infection, and the former two were independent risk factors. Conclusions There is a pan-drug resistance tendency of AB in our burn ICU, and the positive culture rates are increasing in recent years. Disinfection and isolation measures, appropriate use of antibiotics, avoidance of invasive performances such as deep venous catheterization and tracheostomy, or shortening their duration are important means to prevent and control infection of AB.