宁波市气传花粉和真菌与变应性鼻炎致敏原

目的调查宁波市气传花粉和真菌的种类、数量及季节消长规律，探讨其与变应性鼻炎的关系。方法2008年5月1日至2009年4月30日在宁波市城乡各选点1处标本采集点，通过曝片与暴皿法采集气传花粉、真菌，鉴定其种属与数量。根据花粉、真菌及其季节、气候分布飘散规律，行皮肤点刺试验或鼻黏膜激发试验共1632例，探讨它们之间的关系。结果全年观察到花粉51属（科）22624粒，气传花粉飘散高峰期集中在3～5月和8～10月。真菌62属（种），含曝片孢子40属（种）4655粒，曝皿真菌菌落40属（种）191个，其中22属（种）为非交叉性。1632例变应性鼻炎患者皮肤点刺试验阳性1045例，阳性率64．03％，其中花粉和真菌皮试阳性率30．08％。结论根据花粉、真菌飘散规律制备地域性标准化变应原检测试剂及相应的脱敏制剂，或有针对性选择进行体内或体外试验查找致敏原，对于有效防控变应性鼻炎具有重要价值。

Survey of airborne pollen and fungal spores and their relationships with allergic rhinitis in Ningbo

Objective To survey the genus, quantities and the drifts of airborne pollen and fungal spores in Ningbo, as well as their correlations with the allergic rhinitis. Methods A yearly investigation on airborne pollen and fungal spores was performed from May 2008 to April 2009 at both urban and countryside in Ningbo by using gravity sedi- mentation technique. According to the regularity of the genus, quantity and the drift law, Allergo skin prick test or nasal provocation test with correlative allergens was performed in 1 632 cases with allergic rhinitis. Results Fifty-one pollen genus were observed and 22 607 pollens were collected. The peak of pollen occurred in spring （from March to May） and autum （from August to October）. Sixty-two fungal genus were observed, 4 655 spores and 191 colonies were collected. The total positive rate of Allergo skin prick test was 64.03%, of which 30.08% were pollen and fungi. The peak period of pollinosis and fungal allergic rhinitis was consistent with the peak period of airbone and fungal spores. Conclusions Airborne pollen and fungal spores are the important allergens in Ningbo. According to their drift laws, the correlative allergens could be produced and selected to screen out the local patients whose skin prick test were negative. This might be valuable for the diagnosis and treatment of such cases.