芳香烃受体(AHR)在胎盘生成中的作用

胎盘是连接母体与胎儿的重要器官,在维持正常的妊娠过程中发挥着重要的作用。胎盘的结构和功能异常不仅易引发妊娠期高血压和糖尿病等妊娠并发症,还易导致早产、胎儿宫内生长受限(intrauterine growth retardation,IUGR)、流产等不良妊娠结局。芳香烃受体(aryl hydrocarbon receptor,AHR)作为一种配体激活性转录蛋白,参与了生殖调控、免疫功能调节、血管重塑等一系列重要的生理活动。AHR与滋养细胞的增殖和凋亡密切相关,并且具有调节滋养细胞细胞周期的作用。AHR在胎盘血管的生成及血流量的调节中也发挥着重要的作用,它通过调节促血管生成因子与血管生成抑制因子的平衡,参与胎盘血管的正常发育生长;同时AHR还很可能在胎盘的生长发育中介导了胎盘血管的生成以及滋养细胞的侵袭能力;AHR表达异常直接导致了相关妊娠期疾病的发生。

Roles of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor in the Placenta Development

Placenta is a transcent organ that connects morther and fetus,which is significant in maintaining pregnancy,fetal growth and fetal survival.This review illustrates the roles of aryl hydrocarbon receptor(AHR) in the placenta development,which associates with some disorders of pregnancy,such as misscariage,preeclampsia,fetal growth restriction,etc.Activation of the AHR is involved in the regulation of a couple of physiological processes,including immunoregulation,reproductivity,vascular remodling,etc.AHR is closely associated with proliferation and apoptosis of trophoblast cells and also regulates its cell cycle.AHR plays an important role in angiogenesis and regulation of blood volume,and it involves in normal vascular development in placenta through regulating the balance of angiogenesis promoting factors and angiogenesis inhibiting factors.Meanwhile,AHR may mediate placental angiogenesis and invaded ability of trophoblast cells during placenta development.Abnormol expression of AHR will directly induce the occurance of related pregnancy disease.