胸膜活检在胸膜疾病诊断中的地位和安全性评估

目的：探讨针刺胸膜活检在胸膜疾病诊断中的价值和安全性。方法：对1989年6月．2002年9月间诊断明确且做过1次以上胸膜活检的594例胸腔积液患的临床资料进行回顾分析。结果：594例中结核性胸膜炎408例，恶性胸膜炎161例，两胸膜活检的阳性率分别为74．0％(302,／408)和70．2％(113／161)。在其他病因所致的25例胸腔积液的诊断中，胸膜活检未提示特征性病理改变。术后并发症主要为：气胸(69．0％)、出血(31．0％)、发热(19．0％)和肿瘤细胞种植(5．0％)。结论：在结核性及恶性胸腔积液的诊断中，针刺胸膜活检是一种有效的手段，多次活检可提高恶性胸膜炎的确诊率，致命并发症极少。

Pleural needle biopsy in diagnosis for pleural disease and its safety

Objective To evaluate clinical significance of pleural needle biopsy ( PNB) in diagnosis of pleural disease and its safety. Methods Totally, 594 cases with established pleural effusion, who were undergone PNB at least once in the First Hospital of Changzhou, Jiangsu province from June 1989 to September 2002, were studied retrospectively and analyzed. Results Sensitivity of PNB was 74% (302/ 408) for tuberculous pleurisy and 70. 2% (113/161) for malignant pleurisy. No characteristic pathological changes were found in PNB for the other 25 patients with pleural effusion due to other causes ( SLE, rheumatoid arthritis, leukemia, lymphoma, Castleman disease and Meigs syndrome) . Complications associated with PNB were pneumothorax (69. 0% ) , bleeding (31. 0% ) , fever ( 19. 0% ) and seeding of malignant cells (5. 0% ), and no special treatment was required for them, but one case of tension pneumothorax recovered uneventfully after 5 days of closed drainage. Conclusions PNB was a safe, simple and effective means of diagnosing tuberculous and malignant pleural effusion, and should be attempted extensively at grassroots hospitals. Seeding of malignant cells was uncommon, but should be kept in mind. Repetition of PNB could improve its sensitivity in diagnosis for malignant pleural effusion, with extremely few fatal complications.