中国血吸虫病流行农村地区建造卫生厕所需求及影响因素分析

目的 了解我国血吸虫病流行农村地区人群建造卫生厕所的需求、支付意愿及影响因素.方法 于2007年6-11月,在目前仍然存在血吸虫病流行的湖南、湖北、江西、安徽、江苏、云南、四川7个省,每省随机抽取2个流行县.每县选取3个流行村,每村随机抽取30名居民进行问卷调查.结果 在中国血吸虫病流行的农村地区,干净、卫生、方便等提高生活质量的需求是农户建造、使用卫生厕所的主要原因;98%以上的使用非卫生厕所的农户愿意支付一定的建造经费,多数农户的支付意愿在100～500元之间;缺少资金、技术、劳动力等是影响使用非卫生厕所农户自行建造卫生厕所的主要限制因素;了解"改水改厕"以及了解"消灭钉螺"、"家畜圈养"等血吸虫病预防措施的居民愿意出资建造卫生厕所的比例高于"不知道血吸虫病预防措施"的居民.结论 中国血吸虫流行农村地区使用非卫生厕所人群对建造卫生厕所的需求强烈,并有一定的支付意愿和支付能力;加强血吸虫病卫生知识的宣传可以提高血吸虫流行农村地区使用非卫生厕所人群对建造卫生厕所的需求和支付意愿.

Abstract：

Objectives To understand the demand, payment capability and influencing factors of sanitary latrine construction in schistosomiasis epidemic areas in China. Methods In Hu' nan, Hubei, Anhui, Jiangxi, Yunnan, Sichuan and Jiangsu, 2 counties in each province were selected and 3 villages with schistosomiasis prevalence in each county were randomly sampled. Thirty households were randomly sampled from each village for questionnaire survey. Results The major reasons for constructing sanitary latrine were cleanliness,sanitation and convenience in the rural areas;more than 98% of the households were willing to pay part of the construction,among them,the majority of the families hoped the payment kept within 100-500 yuan (RMB);the problem for the non-sanitary latrine users to construct sanitary ones by themselves was lack of money, technique and skilled labors etc; the residents with the knowledge of rural water supply and latrine improvement,eliminating,keeping livestock enclosure were willing to pay for the construction of sanitary latrine. Conclusion The families using non-sanitary latrine have strong will for constructing the sanitary ones,and they also have payment will and capability to some extents. Most families can afford to the latrine construction within 500 yuan (RMB);to strengthen health education and communication can promote the demand and payment will for construction of sanitary latrine among the people using non-sanitary latrine in schistosomiasis epidemic areas.

Demand and Influencing Factors of Sanitary Latrine in Schistosomiasis Epidemic Areas in China

Objectives To understand the demand, payment capability and influencing factors of sanitary latrine construction in schistosomiasis epidemic areas in China. Methods In Hu' nan, Hubei, Anhui, Jiangxi, Yunnan, Sichuan and Jiangsu, 2 counties in each province were selected and 3 villages with schistosomiasis prevalence in each county were randomly sampled. Thirty households were randomly sampled from each village for questionnaire survey. Results The major reasons for constructing sanitary latrine were cleanliness,sanitation and convenience in the rural areas;more than 98% of the households were willing to pay part of the construction,among them,the majority of the families hoped the payment kept within 100-500 yuan (RMB);the problem for the non-sanitary latrine users to construct sanitary ones by themselves was lack of money, technique and skilled labors etc; the residents with the knowledge of rural water supply and latrine improvement,eliminating,keeping livestock enclosure were willing to pay for the construction of sanitary latrine. Conclusion The families using non-sanitary latrine have strong will for constructing the sanitary ones,and they also have payment will and capability to some extents. Most families can afford to the latrine construction within 500 yuan (RMB);to strengthen health education and communication can promote the demand and payment will for construction of sanitary latrine among the people using non-sanitary latrine in schistosomiasis epidemic areas.