Comparative Immunohistochemical Studies of p53 and Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen Expression and Argyrophilic Nucleolar Organizer Regions in Pancreatic Duct Cell Carcinomas

Thirty-eight cases of pancreatic duct cell carcinoma were examined for p53 expression and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) by enhanced immunohistochemistry, as well as for changes in numbers of argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs). Fifteen cases (39.5%) showed p53 overexpression, which tended to increase in proportion to the histopathological grading of malignancy. However, tumor stage and lymph node status were not correlated to p53 overexpression. PCNA labeling index (LI) increased with both histologically malignant grading and pathological stage, but was not correlated with lymph node status. The expressions of p53 and PCNA thus did not necessarily reflect the degree of malignant development. In contrast, AgNOR number showed statistically significant correlations with these three indicators of malignancy. A comparative analysis of p53, PCNA LI and AgNOR number showed overexpression of p53 to be correlated to PCNA LI and essentially unrelated to AgNOR number. The present results thus indicate a close relation between p53 and PCNA, while AgNORs appear to be regulated separately from either of them.