西藏昌都县藏族居民氟铝总摄人量调查

目的调查西藏饮茶型氟中毒病区藏族成人总摄氟量、总摄铝量和经砖茶摄氟量、摄铝量。方法选择西藏昌都县卡若村进行流行病学调查、临床检查。采集主食、副食、饮水、砖茶、茶水（酥油茶）检测含氟量、含铝量，计算人均总摄氟量、总摄铝量和经砖茶摄氟量、摄铝量。结果卡若村成人临床氟骨症检出率55．88％，其中中度检出率35．29％，重度检出率5．88％。饮水含氟量0．10mg／L、含铝量（0．04±0．01）mg／L；砖茶含氟量（1139．0±138．7）mg／kg、含铝量（3888．5±474．1）mg／kg；砖茶饮料含氟量（3．68±1．44）mg／L、含铝量（9．31±4．11）mg／L，人均总摄氟量9．97mg／d，其中经砖茶摄入9．30mg／d，占总摄人量93．28％；人均总摄铝量41．50mg／d，其中经砖茶摄入29．25mg／d，占总摄入量70．48％；居民尿含氟量为（2．66＋1．39）mg／L、含铝量为（4．55±3．74）mg／L。结论西藏昌都县卡若村为饮茶型氟中毒重病区，与饮用砖茶含氟量、含铝量较高有关，可能是饮茶型氟铝联合中毒。

Investigation on intake of fluoride and aluminum of Tibetan residents in Changdu County of Tibet

Objectives To estimate the intake of fluoride and aluminum, and the contribution of brick tea to the intake of fluor- ide and aluminum among Tibetan adults. Methods Epidemiologic investigation and clinical examination of fluorosis were per- formed in Karuo village, located in Changdu County of Tibet, and the contents of fluoride and aluminum in foodstuffs, drinking water, brick tea and buttered tea consumed by local residents were determined respectively. Results The detection rate of clin- ical skeletal fluorosis of Karuo village＇s residents was 55.88% with moderate type of 35.29% and with the severe type of 5. 88%. The average fluoride concentration in drinking water, brick tea, buttered tea were 0. 09±0. 02mg/L, 1139 ±138.7mg/ kg, 3.68± 1.44 rag/L, while the average aluminum in those were 0.04±0.0ling/L, 3888.5±474. lmg/kg, 9.31±4. 11mg/L respectively. The total＇ daily intake of fluoride by Karuo villagers was 9.97mg/day; thereinto daily fluoride intake consumed by brick tea was 9.30mg/day, which contributed 93.28% to the total daily fluoride intake. The total daily dietary intake of alumi- num was 41.50mg/day; thereinto daily aluminum intake consumed by brick tea was 29.25mg/day, accounting for 70.48% of the total daily aluminum intake. The average urinary fluoride and aluminum levels were 2.66±1.39mg/L, 4.55±3.74mg/L re- spectively. Conclusion Karuo village, located in Changdu County is severely fluorosis affected area, which is related to high fluoride intake through brick tea, moreover, chronically drinking brick tea with high aluminum probably bring aluminum excessive accumulation in human body and probably bring combined toxicosis of fluoride and aluminum.