天津市农村居民预防接种健康教育干预研究

目的评估农村居民预防接种健康教育干预效果,为政府公共卫生决策提供依据。方法在天津市部分涉农区县的8个乡镇对所有预防接种适龄儿童(7岁以下)的家长开展健康教育干预,采用个人深入访谈和问卷调查(干预前、后各1次)的方法评估干预效果。结果健康教育材料覆盖率为94.5%,广播宣传覆盖率为90.4%。绝大多数乡村医生对本次预防接种健康教育干预持肯定态度。但在执行过程中仍存在健康教育材料发放不足、流动人群遗漏和传播方式单一等问题。村民们对于乡村大喇叭广播和发放健康教育材料相结合的干预方式表示认可。与干预前相比,干预后调查对象对预防接种相关知识的知晓率显著提高(P<0.05),但对于"孩子到外地可以继续接种政府免费提供的疫苗"的知晓率仍然较低,为61.1%。结论农村居民预防接种健康教育干预显著提升了村民主动接受预防接种的意识,今后要继续健全农村健康教育长效机制,包括将预防接种健康教育纳入农村社区公共卫生服务、提供综合性的健康传播服务、在流动人口中开展同伴教育等。

Evaluation of effectiveness of health education on vaccination among rural resident in Tianjin City

Objective To evaluate the effect of health education intervention on vaccination,and to provide the evidence for developing effective public health policies.Methods Health education intervention was conducted among the parents of children under 7 years old in 8 rural townships of Tianjin.The effect of intervention was evaluated by in-depth interview and questionnaire survey.Results The covering rate of health education material and country broadcast were 94.5% and 90.4%,respectively.Majority of doctors held positive views on health education intervention except for several questions,including the shortage of health education materials,the absence of floating population,excessively simple style of health communication.The residents preferred the combination of country broadcast and the spread of health education material to any single intervention.After intervention,the awareness of vaccination improved obviously(P<0.05).In terms of the "children going to other place may receive continuous free vaccine service",awareness rate was still low(61.1%). Conclusion Long-effect mechanism of rural health education is necessary to improve the awareness of voluntary vaccination,including the integration of vaccination health education into rural public health service,the comprehensive health communication services,peer education among floating population.