浅论基础免疫学研究新进展对眼科免疫学研究的启示

免疫稳态是维持机体生理健康的机制之一,免疫反应是引起或参与诸多疾病的病理过程.近年来国内外在免疫学的基础研究方面取得了较大进展,包括天然免疫机制的研究,树突状细胞（DCs）、T淋巴细胞及B淋巴细胞的亚群研究,微小RNA（miRNA）、长链非编码RNA（LncRNA）、表观遗传学对免疫功能的调控以及现代免疫学研究的新技术等,大大推动了临床免疫学研究的进步.眼是一个具有特定免疫学特征的重要器官,眼科多种疾病的病理机制涉及几大免疫学研究分支,如感染免疫、移植免疫、自身免疫、超敏反应等,因此基础免疫学的重大进展为研究眼科领域免疫学疾病的发病机制和防治策略提供了新的信息.此外,眼科免疫学是现代医学科学中研究十分活跃的领域,眼科免疫性疾病的研究成果可促进基础免疫学的重大科学问题研究.本文评述免疫学领域的最新进展趋势,并探讨其对中国眼科免疫学发展的启示.

Advances in basic immunology and implications for ocular immunology

Immune homeostasis is among the mechanisms of keeping organisms healthy and capable of responding to unfavorable insults either from exogenous or endogenous environments.In recent years,major progress has been made in basic immunology as spotlighted by innate immunity,characterization of novel subclasses of dendritic cells,T or B lymphocytes,and modulation by microRNA （miRNA）,long non-coding RNA （LncRNA） and epigenetics.Meanwhile,the eye poses an organ with complex structure and function with specific requirement for immune processes.Pathogenesis or treatment of major ocular disorders involves transplantation immunology,infection immunology,autoimmunity,hypersensitivity,etc.Hence progression in basic immunology lends valuable insights to scientists or ophthalmologists,helping them to understand ocular immunology concerning eye diseases.This review briefs recent updates and future directions in the basic immunology,aiming to provide more reference to the society of ocular immunology.