新基因功能预测的理论及方法

随着生命科学的发展,人类基因组计划的完成,有关核酸、蛋白质的序列和结构数据呈指数增长。面对巨大而复杂的数据,生物信息学得到蓬勃发展,使得利用生物信息学和电子技术(互联网技术)寻找并克隆新的未知功能的基因成为可能。着重于技术和操作层面,利用生物信息学对新基因进行电子克隆,及克隆该新基因的序列后对其进行简单的功能分析,如基因的编码区、启动子区、内含子/外显子、翻译启始位点和翻译终止信号预测,基因的同源比对,编码的氨基酸辨识蛋白质,蛋白质的物理性质,蛋白质的二级/三级结构、特殊局部结构以及功能预测等。

Theory and methods in Structural and Functional Prediction of Novel genes

The sequence and structure data of nucleic acids and proteins assume the exponential growth along with the development of life science and human genomic program completing. Driven by the myrid of the complex data, bioinformatics has gained great momentum, which makes the search and coloning, by taking advantage of bioinformatics and Internet, of unknown genes possible. In this article, we review the technique ofn in silico cloning of new genes by employing bioinformatics, and the general functional analysis of the new gene after the cloning (coding area, promoter region, intron/extron, prediction of translation initiation site and translation termination signals, the homogeneous analysis of genes, identification of proteins on the basis of encoding amio acids, the physical properties of proteins and the the secondary and tertiary structure of proteins, she speacl local structure and function).