福州地区吸毒人群高危行为特征和复吸原因调查

目的:了解福州地区吸毒人群的高危行为特征和复吸原因。方法:自行设计问卷对福州地区强制戒毒人员进行相关内容调查。结果:在被调查的870例吸毒人员中,男性占75.2%,女性占24.8%;年龄34.16 a±s0.247 a,26-40 a年龄段占到68.9%(599例);女性低龄吸毒情况比男性严重;86.3%为初中及初中以下文化水平;未婚、离异和丧偶者占61.4%;53.0%为无业人员。静脉注射(552例,占63.4%)和烟枪吸(277例,占31.8%)为主要滥用方式;30.4%(265例)的人回答有共用吸毒器具行为;23.7%(206例)的人有多性伴侣,不使用安全套的比例占40.8%(355例);失眠(113例,13.0%)、身体疲劳(57例,6.6%)、性功能降低(41例,4.7%)是产生复吸的主要身体因素;打发无聊时间(222例,25.2%)、消除烦恼(192例,22.1%)以及被人冷落歧视、破罐破摔(120例,13.8%)是产生复吸的主要心理因素;毒友影响(265例,30.4%)、旧的吸毒环境引发毒瘾(152例,17.5%)是产生复吸的主要社会因素。结论:福州地区吸毒人群中存在注射、共用注射器具、多性伴侣等高危行为;复吸是身体因素、心理因素和社会因素共同作用的结果。开展毒品预防教育,对吸毒人群进行综合干预和戒毒后的后续管理,建立家庭社区综合康复机制,有助于改变吸毒人群的高危行为,预防复吸。

SURVEY ON CHARACTERISTICS OF HIGH-RISK BEHAVIOR AND ETIOLOGY OF RELAPSE AMONG DRUG USERS IN FUZHOU AREA

Objective:To understand the characteristics of high risk behavior and the etiology of relapse among drug users in Fuzhou area.Methods:A survey with a self-designed structured questionnaire was conducted among 870 drug users on treatment in compulsory detoxification centers in Fuzhou.Results:Among the 870 drug users,male accounted for 75.2%,female 24.8%;the average age was 34.16 a±s 0.247 a,with 26-40 a accounting for 68.9%(599 cases),with more female starting drug use at earlier age;most of them(86.3%)only had a junior middle school or lower education;unmarried,divorced and bereft of spouse accounted for 61.4%;53.0% had no job.Intravenous injection(552 cases,63.4%)and smoking with smoking tools(277 cases,31.8%)were the main routes for drug using;30.4%(265 cases)admitted sharing injection equipment;23.7%(206 cases)had more than one sexual peers,and 40.8%(355 cases)did not use condoms.Insomnia(113 cases,13.0%),fatigue(57 cases,6.5%)and 1ower sexual desire(41 cases,4.7%) were main physical factors of relapse;boredom(222 cases,25.2%),relief from disturbance(192 cases,22.1%),and wallowing in degeneration(120 cases,13.8%)were main psychological factors of relapse;peer influence(265 cases,30.4%) returning to original milieu(152 cases,17.5%)were main social factors.Discussion:High risk behaviors such as injecting drugs,sharing injection equipment,having multiple sexual peers etc.exist among Fuzhou drug users.Physical,psychological and social factors all play an important part in relapse.Conducting drug prevention in general people,comprehensive intervention among drug users,aftercare among those leaving compulsory detoxification centers,and establishing family and community rehabilitation system are helpful for behavior change and relapse prevention among high risk group.