维持性血液透析的79例患者膳食结构调查分析

目的了解维持性血液透析患者的膳食结构及饮食习惯，为维持性血液透析患者平衡膳食、合理营养提供科学依据。方法选取2012年10月—2013年2月在无锡市某三甲医院血液透析中心透析的79例患者，进行膳食情况及个人基本情况调查资料；采用24h膳食回顾的调查方法获取膳食信息，依据中国营养学会2000年修订的《中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量》标准（DRIs）进行评价。结果79例维持性血液透析患者在能量、蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物、钙、磷等都存在不同程度的摄人量不足，其中，蛋白质摄入尤其缺乏，25～49岁男性患者蛋白质摄入量占推荐量的68．63％，50～59岁男性患者蛋白质摄人量占推荐量的62．75％，50—59岁女性患者蛋白质摄入量占推荐量的62．35％。患者钙摄人量只占推荐量49．96％；钠摄人量占推荐量的157．89％。结论膳食结构不均衡，能量、蛋白质、钙摄入不足是维持性血液透析患者的主要特点，建议增加谷类、禽肉类、水产类、蔬菜类等营养丰富的食品以提高能量、蛋白质摄入，提高患者的营养状况，延长他们的生存期及提高其生活质量。

Dietary survey of 79 patients with maintenance hemodialysis

[ Objective ] To understand the dietary structure and nutrition status of patients with maintenance hemodialysis, and provide scientific basis for their balanced diet and reasonable nutrition. [ Methods ] A total of 79 patients in hemoclialysis center of a third grade class a hospital in Wuxi City From 2012 October -2013 February were selected for dietary and basic situation surveys. Dietary intakes were measured by a combination of consecutive 24 h recalls. The results were evaluated by Dietary Reference In- takes of China （DRIs） revised by Chinese Nutrition Society in year 2000. [ Results ] Seventy nine patients＇ intakes in energy, pro- tein, fat, carbohydrates, calcium, phosphorus were insufficient, especially for protein intakes. Protein intake of 25-49 years old male patients accounted for 68.63% of the recommended. That of 50-59 years old male patients and 50-59 year old female patients accounted for 62.75% and 62.35%, respectively. Calcium intake and sodium intake occupied 49.96% and 157.89% of the rec- ommended. [ Conclusion] The main characteristic of maintenance hemoclialysis patients＇ dietary structure is unbalanced, including insufficient intake of energy, protein and calcium. It is suggested to properly increase the intake of grains, poultry, aquatic products, vegetables in order to improve the energy, protein intake, to improve the nutritional status of the patients, so as to prolong their lifetime and improve their quality of life.