南通市船舶行业噪声作业工人听力损伤状况调查

目的了解船舶行业噪声作业工人的听力损伤状况，为企业开展噪声危害控制提供依据。方法以南通市某船舶公司2010-2012年2336名噪声作业工人为调查对象，采用趋势卡方检验分析不同噪声强度和工龄下听力损伤情况，用非条件logistic回归模型进一步分析剔除其他因素后的作用。结果船舶作业环境噪声强度超标率为69．08％。2336名噪声作业工人听力损伤检出率为26．88％，高频和语频听力损伤检出率分别为24．87％，8．86％。趋势卡方检验结果显示，高频和语频听力损伤检出率随着工龄和累积噪声暴露量的增加而增加，语频听力损失检出率在2010-2012年问呈下降趋势。非条件logistic回归分析显示，2012年语频损失检出率占2010年的0．45。结论船舶行业的噪声强度较大，应进一步控制生产环境噪声强度，同时继续做好作业人员个体防护及职业健康检查，争取进一步降低高频听力损伤率，从而达到语频听力损伤率的持续降低。

Investigation on hearing impairment of noise-exposed workers in shipbuilding industry of Nantong City

[ Objective ] To understand the status of hearing impairment of noise-exposed workers in shipbuilding industry, and pro- vide evidence for carrying out noise hazard control in enterprises. [ Methods] A total of 2 336 noise-exposed workers in a shipbuild- ing company of Nantong City from 2010-2012 were selected as study objects. Trend chi-square test was adopted to analyze hearing impairment of workers with different service length under different noise intensity, and unconditional logistic regression model was used for further analysis of hearing impairment after excluding other factors. [ Results ] The over standard rate of noise in shipbuild- ing environment was 69.08%. The detection rate of hearing impairment among 2 336 noise-exposed workers was 26.88%, that of high-frequency and speech frequency hearing loss was 24.87% and 8.86%, respectively. Trend chi-square test showed the detec- tion rate of high-frequency and speech frequency hearing loss was increased with the extending length of service and increasing a- mount of cumulative noise exposure, the detection rate of speech frequency hearing loss showed downward tendency from 2010-2012. Unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that speech frequency loss detection rate in 2012 was 0.45 time of that in 2010. [ Conclusion] Noise intensity is relatively high in shipbuilding industry. It is necessary to control noise intensity in production environment, to do well in personal protection and occupational health examination, to further reduce the rate of high- frequency hearing loss, so as to achieve the goal of sustained reduction in the rate of speech frequency hearing loss.