急性窒息性气体中毒的临床特点及治疗研究现状

窒息性气体是导致人体缺氧而窒息的气体。窒息性气体中毒病情发展迅猛，死亡率高，且具有群发性。硫化氢（H2S）、一氧化碳（CO）和二氧化碳（CO2）是导致窒息性气体重大急性职业中毒的主要因素。急性窒息性气体中毒的毒性机制包括单纯性氧供给不足、发生特异性化学反应导致组织细胞缺氧、自由基损伤机制、发生急性反应性喉痉挛、反应性延髓呼吸中枢麻痹。急性窒息性气体中毒的临床表现主要是组织器官缺氧症状，并且首要表现为中枢神经系统缺氧的症状。尽早合理氧疗是治疗急性窒息性气体中毒的首要措施，同时视病情给予自由基清除剂及抗感染、镇静、解痉、营养心肌、促进脑细胞代谢等综合治疗，并且要重视急性期过后的损伤。

Clinical features and treatment principles of acute asphyxiating gas poisoning

Asphyxiating gases can cause the body to suffer hypoxia, and then induce asphyxia. The asphyxiating gas poisoning de- velops rapidly with high mortality, and has the accumulation. Hydrogen sulfide （ H2 S）, carbon monoxide I CO} and carbon dioxide （ CO2 } are the main factor to cause the major acute occupational poisoning induced by asphyxiating gas. The mechanisms of acute asphyxiating gas poisoning include insufficient oxygen supply, specific chemical reaction leading to tissue hypoxia, free radical dam- age, acute reactive laryngospasm, and medullary respiratory center paralysis. The main clinical manifestation of acute asphyxiating gas poisoning is tissues and organs hypoxia, which primarily presents the symptoms of central nervous system hypoxia. Oxygen ther- apy as soon as possible is the primary treatment of acute asphyxiating gas poisoning. Meanwhile, it is necessary to give the free radical scavenger and comprehensive treatment of anti -infection, spasmolysis, sedation, nutrition myocardium and promoting brain cell metabolism, as well as pay attention to the damage after the acute phase.