承德市不同规模职业病危害企业职业卫生管理现状

目的通过对承德市辖不同规模职业病危害企业（以下简称：接害企业）职业卫生管理现状调查，了解和掌握不同规模接害企业开展职业卫生管理工作的现状和水平，为新形势下制定有针对性、有效的职业病危害预防和控制措施提供基础性参考依据。方法按照国家发布的《职业病危害因素分类目录》，选择2012年全市存在职业病危害的1117家接害企业为调查对象。采用自制调查表法、现场调查及查询安监部门备案资料等方法，通过4个方面15项指标调查企业职业卫生管理工作现状。结果①企业职业卫生管理机制和制度建设方面：7个调查项目仅有2项制定率达到70％。大、中、小型企业综合7项指标平均制定率分别是77．55％、83．90％、52．21％，总体平均率为56．03％。②职业卫生管理部门及人员设置方面：3个调查项目仅有1项制定率达到70％。大、中、小型企业综合3项指标平均制定率分别是85．71％、90．48％、65．62％，总体平均率为67．14％。③职业危害预评、控评方面：2项目开展率显著偏低，分别是预评25．78％、控评24．71％。大、中、小型企业综合2项目平均开展率分别是50．00％、51．59％、23．50％，总体平均率25．25％。④其他管理方面：3个调查项目有2个达到70％。大、中、小型企业综合3项平均率分别是57．17％、92．06％、70．17％，总体平均率71．32％。结论承德市辖不同规模接害企业职业卫生管理现状不容乐观。综合15项内容，无论职业卫生机制和制度建设、职业卫生管理部门和人员配备、职业病危害因素评价及其他方面等开展率普遍不高，特别是企业对涉及职业病“三级预防”中的重要工作，比如开展职业病危害因素检测、职业健康监护以及职业病危害评价等重视度低，缺乏机制和制度保障；综合结果显示，中型企业开展职业卫生管理工作相对最好，小型企业最差。

Investigation on current situation of occupational health management in occupational hazard exposure enterprises of different sizes in Chengde City

[ Objective ] Through the investigation on current situation of occupational health management in occupational hazard ex- posure enterprises （ hereinafter referred to as the exposure enterprises ） of different sizes in Chengde City, to understand the current situation and level of occupational health management in exposure enterprises of different sizes, provide basic reference for develo- ping the targeted and effective prevention and control measures of occupational diseases under the new situation. [ Methods ] Accord- ing to the National occupational hazards classification directory, 1117 enterprises that have the occupational hazards in 2012 were collected. By the self-designed questionnaire, field investigation and inquiring about the record data from supervision departments, the current situation of occupational health management in enterprises was investigated with 15 indexes of 4 aspects. [ Results] ①In the aspect of occupational health management mechanism and system construction： the formulation rate of 2 survey items reached 70% among 7 items. The average formulation rate of 7 items in large, medium-sized and small enterprises was respectively 77. 55%, 83.90% and 52.21%, and the total rate was 56.03%. ②In the aspect of occupational health management department and personnel arrangement： the formulation rate of only 1 survey item reached 70% among 3 items. The average formulation rate of 3 items in large, medium-sized and small enterprises was respectively 85.71%, 90.48% and 65.62%, and the total rate was 67. 14%. ③In the aspect of pre-assessment and control evaluation of occupational hazards： the implementation rates of 2 items were low relatively, which was 25.78 % in pre-assessment and 24.71% in control evaluation respectively. The average implementa- tion rate of 2 items in large, medium-sized and small enterprises was respectively 50.00%, 51.59% and 23.50%, and the total rate was 25.25%. ④In the aspect of other management： the formulation rate of 2 survey items reached 70% among 3 items. The average formulation rate of 3 items in large, medium-sized and small enterprises was respectively 57.17%, 92.06% and 70.17%, and the total rate was 71.32%. [ Conclusion] The current situation of occupational health management in occupational hazard expo- sure enterprises of different sizes in Chengde City is not optimistic. By comprehensively evaluating 15 items, the implementation rates of occupational health management mechanism and system construction, occupational health management department and per- sonnel arrangement, occupational hazards evaluation, and other aspects are generally not high. Especially, the enterprises pay less attention to the important work of three-grade prevention, such as occupational hazards detection, occupational health surveillance and occupational hazards evaluation, and there is a lack of guarantee from mechanism and system. The comprehensive results show the implementation of occupational health management in medium-sized enterprises is the best, and that in small enterprises is the worst.