Associative plasticity in intracortical inhibitory circuits in human motor cortex |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Human Motor Control Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA;2. Department of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland;3. UPMC Univ. Paris 06, ER6, Physiologie et physiopathologie de la motricité chez l’homme, F-75005, Paris, France;1. Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628CD Delft, The Netherlands;2. Academic Medical Center, Neurology/Clinical Neurophysiology, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;3. University Groningen, University Medical Centre of Groningen, Department of Neurology, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ Groningen, The Netherlands;1. Unidad de Neurología Cognitivo-Conductual, Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, España;2. FIDYAN Neurocenter, Granada, España;1. School of Psychology, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia;2. School of Psychology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia;3. School of Computer Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia;1. School of Kinesiology, University of Western Ontario, Canada;2. Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Western Ontario, Canada;1. FMRIB Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK;2. Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden;3. The Brain and Mind Institute, Department of Psychology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada;4. Centre for Integrative Neuroscience and Neurodynamics, School of Psychology & Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK;5. INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Centre, ImpAct Team, Lyon, France;6. University Claude Bernard Lyon I, Lyon, France |
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| Abstract: | ObjectivePaired associative stimulation (PAS) is a transcranial magnetic stimulation technique inducing Hebbian-like synaptic plasticity in the human motor cortex (M1). PAS is produced by repetitive pairing of a peripheral nerve shock and a transcranial magnetic stimulus (TMS). Its effect is assessed by a change in size of a motor evoked response (MEP). MEP size results from excitatory and inhibitory influences exerted on cortical pyramidal cells, but no robust effects on inhibitory networks have been demonstrated so far.MethodIn 38 healthy volunteers, we assessed whether a PAS intervention influences three intracortical inhibitory circuits: short (SICI) and long (LICI) intracortical inhibitions reflecting activity of GABAA and GABAB interneurons, respectively, and long afferent inhibition (LAI) reflecting activity of somatosensory inputs.ResultsAfter PAS, MEP sizes, LICI and LAI levels were significantly changed while changes of SICI were inconsistent. The changes in LICI and LAI lasted 45 min after PAS. Their direction depended on the delay between the arrival time of the afferent volley at the cortex and the TMS-induced cortical activation during the PAS.ConclusionsPAS influences inhibitory circuits in M1.SignificancePAS paradigms can demonstrate Hebbian-like plasticity at selected inhibitory networks as well as excitatory networks. |
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