Using medical accelerators and photon activation to determine Sr/Ca concentration ratios in teeth |
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| Institution: | 1. Nuclear Science and Technology Development Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan, ROC;2. Department of Radiation Oncology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan, ROC;3. Department of Radiation Oncology, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan, ROC;4. Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan, ROC;5. Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan, ROC;1. Faculty of Energy Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 8639–11365, Tehran, Iran;2. Faculty of Physics, University of Isfahan, P.O. Box 81746–73441, Isfahan, Iran;1. EC-JRC-IRMM, Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements, Retieseweg 111, 2440 Geel, Belgium;2. PTB, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany;3. CIEMAT, Metrología de Radiaciones Ionizantes, Avda. Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain;4. CMI, Czech Metrology Institute, Radiová 1a, CZ-102 00 Praha 10, Czech Republic;5. ENEA-INMRI, Via Anguillarese, 301 Santa Maria di Galeria, 00123 Roma, Italy;6. CEA, LIST, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNE-LNHB), bât 602 PC111, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France;7. SMU, Slovenský metrologický ústav, Karloveská 63, 842 55 Bratislava 4, Slovak Republic;8. STUK, Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, P.O.Box 14, FIN-00881, Helsinki, Finland;9. IFIN-HH, 30 Reactorului Street, 077125 Magurele, Ilfov, Romania;10. BEV/PTP, Bundesamt für Eich, und Vermessungswesen, Arltgasse 35, A-1160 Wien, Austria;11. IJS, Institute Jo?ef Stefan, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;12. IST/CTN, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139,7), 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal;13. NCBJ, Narodowe Centrum Badań J?drowych, RC POLATOM, ul. Andrzeja So?tana 7, 05-400 Otwock, ?wierk, Poland;14. Strojnícka Fakulta Slovenskej Technickej Univerzity v Bratislave, Nám. Slobody 17, Slovak Republic;1. Isotope Production & Applications Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India;2. Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India;1. Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden – Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Departments of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals and Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, POB 51 01 19, D-01314 Dresden, Germany;2. DanPET AB, Rosenstigen 7, SE-216 19 Malmö, Sweden |
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| Abstract: | This paper describes a photon activation method, studied by using two medical accelerators (energies: 15 and 18 MeV) as photon sources, for determining Sr and Ca levels and Sr/Ca ratios in tooth samples. The radionuclides formed by various photonuclear reactions were measured and identified using a gamma-spectrometry with HPGe detection system. The yields of the corresponding photonuclear reactions and the detection sensitivities for the alkaline earth metals (e.g., Ca, Sr) were surveyed and estimated in relation to the radiation dose. The minimum detectable amount of Sr was estimated to be less than 1 μg g?1, allowing the Sr/Ca ratios in teeth to be determined conveniently. The Sr/Ca ratios in deciduous and permanent tooth samples obtained from local dental clinics were 0.390 and 0.565 mg g?1, respectively. This photon activation method of determining Sr/Ca ratio in bones and teeth using medical accelerators for cancer treatment is thought to be useful also in biological and archaeological studies. |
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