医学媒介生物及其传播的传染病研究

[目的]有效防止医学媒介生物及其传播的传染病的传人,保护人体健康,为我国对外经济贸易服务。[方法]对国内外有关医学媒介生物及其传播的传染病在国际间播散情况的研究成果进行科学系统的研究,分析由于全球环境变化和国际间交往的增加带来国际间传播的风险。[结果]医学媒介生物可传播的病原体达数千种,其中虫媒病毒500余种,还有细菌、立克次体、原虫等。我国国境口岸地区已发现确认的640余种医学媒介生物中可作为传播媒介的种类达440余种。历史上医学媒介生物传播的传染病大流行,常因国际间交往时,通过感染病例或携带病原体的医学媒介生物的被动输入而引发。为有效防止医学媒介生物及其传播的传染病传人,世界上许多国家制定了严格的法律规定。通过调查显示,入境国际航行船舶携带医学媒介生物具有来源广、数量大、种类多、阳性率高、风险性大等特点,其极有可能在我国口岸地区适宜的生态环境中孳生繁衍,并将国外传染病输入我国,甚至造成大流行。[结论]随着我国加入世界贸易组织,医学媒介生物及其传播的传染病传人的潜在风险也在激增。应高度重视对输入性医学媒介生物及其传播的传染病的监测和控制工作。

Study on Medical Vectors and Infectious Diseases Spreading

Objective To protect the human health by effective control of the introduction of medical vectors and infectious diseases and serve for the nation's foreign trade.Methods The risks d global propagation caused by global environment changes and increasing international com- munication were analyzed based on scientific search.Results Thousands of pathogens could be propagated by medical vectors,including more than 500 arhovirus species and other pathogens liking bacteria,rickettsia,protozoons,et al.More than 440 of 640 species of medical vectors found in frontier port areas of China could spread diseases.The epidemics of infectious diseases caused by medical vectors were often broken by introduced infected patients and medical vectors carried with pathogens in international communications.Lots of countries have made strict laws to control the introduction of medical vectors and infected diseases spread by them.It was showed that there were characteristics in the studies on in- troduced medical vectors caried by entry ships like various sources,huge quantities,multi species,high positive rates and strong risks.They were easy to breed in the suitabh ecological environment in the frontier port areas of China,and the infected diseases could be introduced from abroad and would be epidemic.Conclusion The potential risks of the introduction of medical vectors and infected diseases spread by them from abroad are increasing sharply,accompanying with China joined WTO,and more stronger attention should be paid on the surveillance and control- ling to them.