2011-2015年我国新发现成年女性艾滋病感染者流行特征分析

目的 了解我国成年女性艾滋病病毒（HIV）携带者的流行特征，探索性分析影响成年女性感染HIV的潜在因素。方法 收集2011-2015年我国新发现15岁女性HIV感染者/艾滋病患者（HIV/AIDS）的人口学、行为学信息，分析该人群的传播途径特征和流行趋势变化。结果 2011-2015年每年新发现成年女性HIV/AIDS病例数有所上升。异性传播尤其是非婚异性性接触感染是主要传播途径，其构成比逐年上升。2012年开始，40~94岁组女性感染者为首要受累人群，非婚异性性行为和配偶/固定性伴感染均占较大比例；40岁女性病例的报告数和构成比基本稳定，20~24岁年龄组出现下降，以非婚异性性行为接触为主要感染方式。结论 新发现女性病例的年龄峰值向高年龄组推进，应重视高年龄组女性艾滋病防治工作。扩大检测尽早发现感染者，避免女性被动感染。

Epidemiological analysis of HIV infections in adult females in China,2011-2015

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of HIV/AIDS cases in adult females in China,and explore the potential related factors.Methods Demographic and behavioral information were collected from the newly diagnosed cases in women aged ≥ 15 years in China during 2011-2015 to analyze the main transmission modes and the epidemic trend.Results The number of newly diagnosed cases in adult females increased during 2011-2015.Most of them were transmitted by heterosexual behaviors,especially extramarital heterosexual behaviors,with the proportion increased annually.Since 2012,women aged 40-94 years have become the main population affected.Both extramarital infections and marital infections,including those in regular sex partners,accounted for high proportions.The case number and its constituent were stable in women aged ＜ 40 years,but the cases in age group 20-24 years began to decline.Extramarital heterosexual behavior was the major transmission route.Conclusion The newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS case number in adult females peaked gradually in older population,indicating the importance of HIV/AIDS prevention and control in old women by expanding the detection coverage for early diagnosis of the cases and avoiding passive infection in women.