乙酸钙-鲍氏不动杆菌临床分离与耐药性的7年监测

目的了解1998~2004年乙酸钙-鲍氏不动杆菌在临床标本中的分离情况及其耐药趋势,为临床感染的预防和治疗提供参考资料。方法回顾分析1998~2004年间所有标本中乙酸钙-鲍氏不动杆菌的分离率,菌株在标本和病区的分布以及对14种抗菌药物的耐药率。结果乙酸钙-鲍氏不动杆菌的分离率有逐年升高的趋势,从1998年的0.18%增至2004年的1.48%;其在呼吸道标本的分离率最高(70.58%),其次是尿液(9.42%)、血液(4.63%);病区分布以重症监护室最高(47.28%),乙酸钙-鲍氏不动杆菌对14种抗菌药物的耐药率,1998年仅有氨曲南>50%,而到2004年仅头孢哌酮/舒巴坦的耐药率<50%,其他13种均>50%;其耐药率均呈递增的趋势,耐药性增幅列前3位分别为:头孢他啶11.1%~88.9%、亚胺培南0~64.8%、复方新诺明0~64.0%。结论乙酸钙-鲍氏不动杆菌的临床分离率在增加,其对多数抗菌药物有较高的耐药性,且耐药率呈逐年上升趋势,尤其是对亚胺培南耐药率的快速增长,应引起临床抗感染治疗的高度重视。

Isolation and Resistance of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-baumannii in Hospital: A 7-Year Surveillance Study

OBJECTIVE To study the isolation and resistance tendency of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-baumannii to antimicrobial agents from 1998 to 2004 to provide valuable data for infection prevention and therapy. METHODS We reviewed the isolation rates,distribution in clinical specimens and wards,and the resistance rates of(A.calcoaceticus-baumannii)to 14 kinds of antimicrobial agents from 1998 to 2004. RESULTS There was an increasing tendency of isolation rates of A.calcoaceticus-baumannii every year,which was 0.18% in 1998 but 1.48% in 2004.In the seven years,there was the highest isolation rate of 70.58% in specimens from respiratory tract,the next was from the urine(9.42%),and blood(4.63%).Concerning the wards distribution,ICU had the highest rate of 47.28%.In 1998,A.calcoaceticus-baumannii had resistance rates more than 50% only to one kind of antimicrobial agents(aztreonam),but in 2004,it had increased to thirteen kinds(except cefoperazone/sulbactam).About the fourteen kinds of antimicrobial agents we inspected,that were increased in their resistance rate.The highest increasing of resistance rate was ceftazidime from 11.1% in 1998 to 88.9% in 2004,the imipenem was second for 0.0% to 64.8%,and the third was sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim form 0.0% to 64.0%,while there still was an increasing resistance tendency to them. CONCLUSIONS The clinical isolation rate of A.calcoaceticus-baumannii is increasing,and it has higher resistance rates to many antimicrobial agents as well as an increasing resistance tendency to relatively susceptive antimicrobial agents every year.So physicians should prescribe on the basis of antimicrobial agents susceptibility tests in vitro.