基于聚类及因子分析的功能失调性子宫出血中医证候要素研究

目的：探索功能失调性子宫出血（功血）患者中医证候特点及规律。方法：根据功血患者信息采集表建立功血证候Epidata数据库，采用SPSS 13.0统计软件包，对1 000例功血患者的四诊信息进行聚类及因子等统计分析，判定功血症状群，对其进行证候要素分析。结果：调查收集1 000例功能失调子宫出血（功血）患者的症状共有130种，主要症状出现频率较高的依次是：经有血块、经期>14 d、月经量多、经色黯红、月经淋漓不断、经色鲜红，出现频率在 35%以上。次要症状频率较高的依次是：乏力、头晕、倦怠、腰酸痛、气短、多梦、少眠、面色白光白、心悸、纳呆、心烦，出现频率在20%以上。舌、脉象中舌苔多见薄、白、黄、腻，舌形多见齿痕、胖大，舌质多见淡红、黯淡、红，脉象以沉、细、弦、弱、数、微多见。根据聚类及因子分析症状数据并结合经验辨证，功血病因病性证候要素可能主要有气虚、阴虚、血虚、血瘀、气滞、血热(实热、虚热)、湿、阳虚等，病位证候要素有肾、肝、脾、心、冲任等。结论：运用聚类及因子分析等数据统计方法研究证候要素具有一定的科学性。

Study of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome factors ofdysfunctional uterine bleeding based on cluster analysis and factor analysis

OBJECTIVE: To explore the characteristics and rules of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome of dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB). METHOD: Based on the collection tables of patient information TCM syndrome of DUB Epidata database was set up, SPSS 13.0 was used, information collected by means of four diagnostic methods from 1 000 DUB patients was analyzed in order to judge the DUB symptom group and analyze the syndrome factors. RESULT: One hundred and thirty types of symptom were found in 1 000 DUB. Cardinal symptoms with comparative high frequency of occurrence (> 35%) were as follows: coagulated blood, long menstruationis (more than 14 days), big menstrual blood volume (MBV), dark red blood, dripping-wet blood, bright red blood. Minor symptoms with comparative high frequency of occurrence (> 20%) were as follows: fatigue, dizziness, tiredness, waist soreness, short breath, much dreaming, less sleeping, white face, palmus, anorexia, upset. Thin, white, yellow, greasy fur, indentational, fat tongue and light red, dim red, red tongue could often be seen in tongue tracings. Deep, minute, soft, rapid, small pulse could often be seen in pulse tracings. According to cluster and factor analysis and experiences in differentiation of symptoms and signs, DUB syndrome factors of disease cause and may include Qi deficiency, Yin deficiency, blood deficiency, blood stasis, Qi stagtation, hot blood (excess heat, deficiency heat), wetness, Yang deficiency, and the location is related to, spleen, liver, heart and Chongren, est. CONCLUSION: Cluster analysis and factor analysis could give scientific and rigorous data support to objectivized research on TCM syndrome.