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Psychopathology Symptoms are Associated with Prenatal Health Practices in Pregnant Women with Heavy Smoking Levels |
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| Authors: | Nagpal Nikita Ramos Amanda M. Hajal Nastassia Massey Suena H. Leve Leslie D. Shaw Daniel S. Ganiban Jody M. Reiss David Neiderhiser Jenae M. |
| Affiliation: | 1.Department of Pediatrics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine/Bellevue Hospital Center, 462 First Avenue, Administration Building Rm A314, New York, NY, 10016, USA ;2.Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA ;3.Jane & Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA ;4.Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA ;5.Department of Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, Eugene, USA ;6.Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA ;7.Department of Psychology, George Washington University, Washington, USA ;8.Yale Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, USA ;9.Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA ; |
| Abstract: | Purpose Smoking during pregnancy may be linked to other problematic prenatal health behaviors in women. We examined interrelationships among prenatal smoking, prenatal health behaviors and mental health. The objective of this study was to examine factors that may contribute to variations in prenatal health practices among women who smoke during pregnancy. MethodsBirth mothers from an adoption study (N?=?912) were interviewed about prenatal smoking, health behaviors, and mental health symptoms at 5 months postpartum. ResultsOne-quarter of participants (N?=?222) reported smoking 6 or more cigarettes daily for at least 1 trimester. For mothers who smoked more than 6 cigarettes daily, higher levels of antisocial behaviors (β?=????.14, p?=?.03) and depressive symptoms (β?=????.17, p?=?.03) were associated with less frequent prenatal folate use; antisocial behaviors and depressive symptoms were not associated for prenatal folate use among women who did not smoke more than 6 cigarettes daily. For mothers who did not smoke more than 6 cigarettes daily, more depressive symptoms were associated with fewer prenatal care visits (β?=?.12, p?=?.01). Antisocial behaviors and anxiety symptoms were not associated with prenatal care visits in either group of mothers. Conclusions for PracticeMaternal antisocial behaviors and depressive symptoms during pregnancy may be markers for poorer adherence to recommendations for folate supplementation among women who smoke 6 or more cigarettes daily during pregnancy, independent of adequacy of prenatal care. |
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