Preconception Health Risks Among U.S. Women: Disparities at the Intersection of Disability and Race or Ethnicity |
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| Authors: | Willi Horner-Johnson Ilhom Akobirshoev Ndidiamaka N Amutah-Onukagha Jaime C Slaughter-Acey Monika Mitra |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Pediatrics, Institute on Development and Disability, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon;2. Oregon Health & Science University-Portland State University Collaborative School of Public Health, Portland, Oregon;3. Lurie Institute for Disability Policy, Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts;4. Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts;5. Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota |
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| Abstract: | IntroductionPrior research has found that some preconception health risks are more prevalent among women in historically minoritized racial and ethnic groups. Preconception health risks are also increased among women with disabilities. Risks could be even greater among women who both have a disability and belong to a minoritized racial or ethnic group. The purpose of this study was to assess preconception health at the intersection of disability and race or ethnicity.MethodsWe analyzed data from the 2016 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System to estimate the prevalence of health behaviors, health status indicators, and preventive healthcare receipt among nonpregnant women 18–44 years of age. We used modified Poisson regression to compare non-Hispanic White women with disabilities and women with and without disabilities in three other race/ethnicity groups (non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, other race) to a reference group of non-Hispanic White women without disabilities. Disability status was defined based on affirmative response to at least one of six questions about difficulty with seeing, hearing, mobility, cognition, personal care, or independent living tasks. Multivariate analyses adjusted for other sociodemographic characteristics such as age and marital status.ResultsIn every racial and ethnic group, women with disabilities had a significantly higher prevalence of most preconception health risks than their counterparts without disabilities. The disparity in obesity for Black women with disabilities was additive, with the adjusted prevalence ratio (PR, 1.77; 95% confidence interval CI], 1.57–2.00) equal to the sum of the prevalence ratios for disability alone (PR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.19–1.41) and Black race alone (PR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.36–1.58).ConclusionsWomen at the intersection of disability and minoritized race or ethnicity may be at especially high risk of adverse outcomes. Targeted efforts are needed to improve the health of women of reproductive age in these doubly marginalized populations. |
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