Characterization of a distinct Johnsongrass mosaic virus strain isolated from sorghum in Nigeria

Summary. A virus isolated from sorghum in Nigeria has been partially characterized. It was tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using antisera to Maize dwarf mosaic virus, Johnsongrass mosaic virus (JGMV), Sugarcane mosaic virus strain-MDB, Sorghum mosaic virus, and Zea mosaic virus. A partial host range, symptom phenotypes for selected sorghum lines, and the mass of the coat protein (CP) subunit was analyzed by sodium-dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and its amino acid (aa) sequence determined by time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS). The Nigerian isolate was positive in ELISA to only JGMV antiserum. It infected sorghum and smooth brome but not oat or johnsongrass. It caused necrosis in 12 of 13 tested sorghum lines, while the USA JGMV isolate caused necrosis in only one sorghum line. In SDS-PAGE, the mass of the Nigerian virus CP was 3,000Da smaller than that of JGMV-MDO. Moreover, TOFMS analyses showed that, while residues 1–7 of the CP aa sequence were identical to those of JGMV (GenBank #A27631), and residues 57–293 were almost identical to residues 67–303 of JGMV, the intermediate region exhibited significant differences, including a 10aa deletion. These data indicate that the virus should be considered a distinct isolate of JGMV (JGMV-N) and expands the known range of JGMV to Africa.