全国医院感染监测网对持续血液透析患者丙型肝炎病毒感染现况调查

目的了解持续性血液透析患者丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）感染的情况，为预防与控制提出对策。方法利用全国医院感染管理办公平台开发调查统计程序，面对全国自愿参加调查的医院，采用横断面调查的方法对2010年3月10日-4月10日所有持续进行血液透析治疗患者的HCV感染情况及相关因素开展调查。结果全国共有423所医院参与此次调查，审核合格有395所（93.38%）医院进入统计。共调查透析患者21 918人，未做HCV检查者448人，HCV阳性患者1 506人，阳性率7.01%（1 506/21 470）。首次透析开始后发现HCV阳性1 060人，阳性率5.04%（1 060/21 024）。按透析患者数、每月每台透析机透析人次数及每名护士每月操作透析机透析人次数进行分层，各组组间HCV阳性率差异有统计学意义（均P＜0.01）；不同透析持续时间以及在不同医院数进行血液透析的患者HCV感染率差异亦有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。结论工作量大的医院、透析持续时间长的患者、在多个医院透析过的患者HCV感染率较高。

Hepatitis C virus infection in patients undergoing continuous hemodialysis: an investigation from China National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance System

Objective To realize hepatitis C virus （HCV） infection in patients undergoing continuous hemodialysis, and to put forward strategies for preventing and controlling HCV infection. Methods Cross-sectional survey were performed on HCV infection and related factors among patients undergoing continuous hemodialysis in hospitals that voluntarily participated in the survey between March 10,2010 and April 10,2010. Results A total of 423 hospitals participated in the survey, 395（93. 38%） of which were qualified for statistical analysis. A total of 21 918 patients were surveyed,448 of whom didn＇t perform HCV detection, 1 506 patients were HCV positive, positive rate was 7. 01% （1 506/21 470）. 1 060 patients were detected positive HCV during initial dialysis, the positive rate was 5. 04% （1 060/21 024）. Stratification was undertaken according to the number of dialysis patients, the number of dialysis cases by each dialysis machine per month, and the number of dialysis cases performed by each nurse per mortth, there was significant difference in HCV positive rate between each group （all P〈0. 01）; the difference among different dialysis duration and HCV positive rate in patients receiving dialysis at different hospitals was statistically significant（P〈0. 01）. Conclusion HCV infection rates are high at hospital with more dialysis, in patients with long duration of dialysis, and patients receiving dialysis at multiple hospitals.