高密市流动人口中女工职业健康状况和卫生的需求方式调查

目的了解高密市流动人口中女工(简称流动女工)的职业健康状况和职业卫生需求方式。方法选择纺织行业3个企业和制鞋行业3个企业的流动女工共3 804人,填写职业健康调查问卷。全部数据录入EpiData数据库,应用SPSS17.0统计软件进行统计分析,进行t检验,χ2检验。结果制鞋行业流动女工年龄小,工龄低,多未婚,纺织行业流动女工年龄大、工龄较长、多已婚(均P0.01)。两行业生殖健康表现为痛经和淤血,躯体健康方面表现为头痛、头晕、腰背痛、抑郁等。纺织行业重复单调动作(60.9%)、连续站立(45.1%)工作较多;职业病危害因素知晓率(43.4%)比制鞋行业低(85.3%)。两行业目前对职业健康知识了解的主要途径是知识读本、电视途径,希望通过知识读本获得职业健康知识。结论高密市纺织、制鞋行业流动女工存在较为严重的生殖健康和职业健康问题,期望通过知识读本获得职业卫生知识。

Investigation on occupational health status and health demand model among female floating workers in Gaomi City

Objective]To understand the occupational health status and occupational health demand model among female floating workers in Gaomi City.Methods]The occupational health questionnaire survey was conducted in 3 804 female floating workers collected from 3 textile enterprises and 3 shoemaking enterprises.By using Epi Data database and Spss17.0 statistical software,the data were analyzed with t-test and Chi square test.Results]The female floating workers in shoemaking enterprises had the characteristics of younger age and less working years,and most of them were unmarried.The female floating workers in textile enterprises had the characteristics of older age and longer working years,and most of them were married(P<0.01 all).The reproductive health problems were mainly dysmenorrheal and congestion.The physical health problems included headache,dizziness,lumbodorsal pain,depression and so on.In extile enterprises,60.9% of posts need repeat monotone operation,45.1% need continuous standing,and the awareness rate of occupational risk factors(43.4%) of female workers was lower than that in shoemaking enterprises.The main ways that female floating workers obtained the occupational health knowledge were book and TV,and they hoped to get the occupational health knowledge by book.Conclusion]The female floating workers in shoemaking enterprises and extile enterprises in Gaomi City have serious reproductive health problems and occupational health problems,and they hoped to get the occupational health knowledge by book.