Prenatal Depression in Latinas in the U.S. and Mexico |
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Authors: | Ma Asunción Lara Huynh-Nhu Le Gabriela Letechipia Laila Hochhausen |
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Institution: | (1) Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente, Calzada México-Xochimilco 101. San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, Mexico, DF, 14370, Mexico;(2) George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA |
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Abstract: | Objectives The study aimed to investigate the prevalence of depressive symptoms and their associated risk factors during pregnancy in
Latinas in the United States (U.S.) and Mexico. Method The sample included 108 women in the U.S. whose data were obtained from medical chart reviews in a community clinic in Washington,
D.C., and 117 women in Mexico who participated in face-to-face interviews in the waiting rooms of primary care community centers
in Mexico City. Variables, chosen to match in both countries for comparisons, were: socio-demographics, pregnancy gestation
and order, social support, depressive symptoms, personal history of depression, family psychiatric history, and suicidal thoughts.
Depressive symptoms were measured using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Results The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 32.4% for pregnant Latinas and 36.8% for Mexicans (CES-D ≥ 16), and 15.7% and 23.9%
(CES-D ≥ 24), respectively, with no differences between groups. Separate multiple logistic regression analyses showed that
for U.S. Latinas: (1) being more educated predicted depressive symptoms (CES-D ≥ 16), and (2) second trimester, as compared
to first, also predicted symptoms (CES-D ≥ 24). (3) History of suicidal thoughts predicted symptoms in Latinas in the U.S.
(CES-D ≥ 24) and in Mexico (using both definitions of high symptoms), and (4) living with a partner but not formally married
and multi-parous condition predicted symptoms (CES-D ≥ 24) among pregnant Mexicans. Conclusions A high prevalence of depressive symptoms and significant risk factors during pregnancy were found in Latinas in U.S. and
Mexico, suggesting increased risk for postpartum major depression. Implications for screening and interventions are discussed.
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Keywords: | Depressive symptoms Risk factors Pregnancy Latinas Mexican women |
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