川芎药材超临界CO2萃取与水蒸气蒸馏提取挥发油比较研究

目的 通过对不同工艺下得到的川芎挥发油的比较，阐明提取工艺对其有效成分的影响。方法 分别采用超临界CO₂萃取和水蒸气蒸馏法提取川芎挥发油，再通过气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术分析鉴定其中的主要化学成分及相对含量。结果 2种方法所得川芎挥发油样品中共鉴定18种共有成分，水蒸气蒸馏提取物中苯酞类成分约占61%，单萜类成分约占25%，倍半萜类成分约占10%；超临界CO₂萃取物中苯酞类成分约占97%，单萜类成分约占1%，倍半萜类成分约占0.4%。结论 水蒸气蒸馏法对川芎药材中挥发性较强的单萜和倍半萜类保留相对较强，超临界CO₂萃取法对苯酞类有效成分的提取率相对较高，因此在川芎挥发油入药的中药制剂工艺中，应根据制剂的功效充分考虑提取工艺对有效成分的影响。

Comparative study on volatile oil in Rhizoma chuanxiong by steam distillation and supercritical fluid extraction

Objective To clarify the influence of the extraction process on its active ingredients by comparing the volatile oils of Rhizoma Chuanxiong obtained under different processes.Methods The volatile oil of Rhizoma Chuanxiong was extracted by supercritical CO₂ extraction (SFE) and steam distillation. The main chemical components and relative contents were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).Results A total of 18 common components were identified in the volatile oil samples of Chuanxiong from the two methods. In steam distillation samples, main components included phthalides (61%), monoterpenoids (25%) and sesquiterpenes (10%). In SFE samples, phthalides (97%) were major components, followed by monoterpenoids (1%),sesquiterpenes (0.4%) and other minor components.Conclusion The steam distillation retains highly volatile components in Rhizoma chuanxiong such as monoterpenoids and sesquiterpenes. For SFE approach, the phthalides were extracted more efficiently compared with other components. The effect of the extraction process on the active ingredients should be fully considered in obtained products of Rhizoma chuanxiong since the difference in constituents may result in varied effects.