经鼻内镜岩斜坡及颞下窝肿瘤的外科治疗

目的探讨经鼻内镜手术治疗岩斜区及颞下窝肿瘤的可行性和外科手术技术。方法2002年1月至2005年2月间对17例侵犯岩斜坡或颞下窝肿瘤单独采用内镜经鼻手术入路进行了治疗，详尽阐述外科手术技术及介绍典型病例。结果17例患者中脊索瘤5例，脑膜瘤4例，颅咽管瘤1例，神经鞘膜瘤1例，血管母细胞瘤1例，嗅神经母细胞瘤1例，恶性淋巴瘤1例，脊索肉瘤1例，腮腺癌颅底转移1例，甲状腺癌颅底转移1例。15例患者术后复查影像显示肿瘤全部被切除，2例大部分切除。所有病例随访5～43个月，良性肿瘤中有1例脊索瘤术后5个月复发，后行2次手术，其余均无复发。5例恶性肿瘤患者均随访2年以上，无复发或死亡。术后1例蛛网膜下腔出血、2例出现脑脊液鼻漏，其中1例经保守治疗痊愈、1例经2次鼻内镜手术修补成功。无颅内感染及死亡病例。结论经鼻内镜外科技术为岩斜区和颞下窝肿瘤的外科治疗提供了一种新的方法。这种入路能够简单和迅速地到达岩斜区和颞下窝，且既能够达到微侵袭目的，又能够满足全切肿瘤的要求。但需要术者熟练掌握内镜颅底解剖学、内镜手术操作及对各区域病变丰富的外科手术经验。术中应用影像导航系统将有助于识别解剖标志，使手术过程更加安全。

Endoscopic endonasal surgery for tumors of petroclival region and infratemporal fossa

Objective Nasal endoscope has been used increasingly during skull base surgery. However, most of endoscopic surgery limited to the repair of cerebrospinal rhinorrhea, decompression of traumatic optic nerve, hypophysectomy,etc. This study was undertaken to deter mine whether endoscopic endonasal approach was safe and effective for the resection of tumors located in petroclival region and infratemporal fossa. Methods Seventeen patients with tumors of petroclival region and infratemporal fossa treated by endoscopic endonasal surgery between January 2002 and February 2005 were studied prospectively. The operative technique was described in detail. There were 5 chordoma, 1 esthesioneuroblastoma, 1 chordosarcoma, 1 lymphoma, 1 craniopharyngioma, 1 hemangioblastoma, 4 meningioma, 1 schwannoma, and 2 metastatic carcinoma. 3 patients were selected for neuronavigation-aided endoscopic endonasal surgery. Results Total tumor removal was obtained in 15 cases, subtotal removal in 2 case. With follow-up of 5 to 43 months, 1 case with chordoma was recurrent 5 months later postorperatively and underwent reoperation subsequently. The other cases with benign tumors were no recurrence. All of 5 cases with malignant tumors followed up for longer than 2 years were no recurrence and death. The complications included subarachnoid hemorrhage in 1 patient, transient cerebrospinal leakage in 2 cases. Conclusions The endoscopic endonasal surgery provides satisfied treatment for selected tumors of petroclival region and infratemporal fossa. This approach promises a simple and rapid access to petroclival region and infratemporal fossa. It is a safe, minimally invasive and efficient procedure. Using neuronavigation system, it is helpful to determining anatomical landmark and removing the tumor completely and securely.