儿童过敏原皮肤点刺试验53例分析

目的观察部分过敏性疾病儿童的过敏原皮肤点刺试验结果。方法对支气管哮喘、过敏性鼻炎及湿疹/荨麻疹3组儿童行皮肤过敏原点刺试验,试剂为北京协和医院诊断试剂厂生产吸入组与食物组共40种过敏原试剂。结果（1）支气管哮喘儿童随年龄增大,皮肤阳性率呈增高趋势,而湿疹/荨麻疹组不明显。（2）常见过敏原吸入组为屋尘（15.1%）、尘螨（28.3%）、蟑螂（17.0%）、家蝇（20.8%）等;食物组为螃蟹（9.4%）、海虾（7.5%）、鲤鱼（7.5%）等。近年蟑螂及家蝇过敏原阳性率增高。（3）哮喘儿童皮肤试验阳性率54.5%,阴性率45.5%,其致病原（变应原）有可能与病毒引起的气道变应性炎症有关。结论（1）哮喘儿童过敏原阳性率随年龄增长而增高;（2）过敏性疾病儿童常见过敏原主要为屋尘、尘螨、蟑螂及家蝇等;（3）哮喘儿童除常见过敏原引起外,推测还与病毒感染有关;（4）过敏性疾病可针对过敏原进行有关防治。

Analysis of Allergen Skin Prick Test of 53 Children

Objective To explore the results of allergen skin prick tests in part children suffering from hypersensitivity disease.Methods Used skin prick tests on three groups of children：bronchial asthma、allergic rhinitis and eczema/urticaria.The 40 reagents included inhalation group and food group were produced by diagnostic chemical reagent manufactory of Peking Union Hospital.Results（1）The positive rates of skin prick tests in bronchial asthma group increased with age,but the allergic rhinitis group and the eczema/urticaria group did not.（2）The common allergens of inhalation group were： house dust（15.1%）,dust mite（28.3%）,dust mite（17.0%）,housefly（20.8%）.Food group： crab（9.4%）,prawn（7.5%）,carp（7.5%）.The positive rates of cockroach and housefly increased in recently years.（3）The positive rate of bronchial asthma group was 54.5%.The negative rate was 45.5%.Asthma may caused by viruses which lead to airway allergic inflammation.Conclusion（1）The positive rate of bronchial asthma could be increased with age.（2）The common allergens of children are house dust,dust mite,dust mite and housefly.（3）It is supposed that childhood asthma may not be only related with common allergens but also with viruses.（4）Prevention and control measures aiming at allergens could be taken.