齿状突骨折并存下颈椎损伤的诊断及治疗

目的 研究齿状突骨折并存下颈椎损伤的机制、临床特点及治疗方法.方法 回顾性分析1999年1月至2004年12月57例经手术治疗的Ⅱ型或浅Ⅲ型齿状突骨折患者的临床及影像学资料.其中并存下颈椎损伤6例,平均年龄54岁,4例同时合并颈椎退行性变或强直性脊柱炎.在下颈椎损伤中,骨折脱位2例,椎间盘、韧带结构损伤4例.6例患者均行上、下颈椎Ⅰ期手术治疗：2例并发脊髓不完全损伤来自于下颈椎损伤,先行下颈椎融合固定;无脊髓损伤4例,其中2例齿状突骨折术前不能复位,先固定齿状突骨折,另2例齿状突骨折术前解剖复位,先固定下颈椎损伤.结果 6例患者术后均获得随访,平均随访10个月,6例齿突骨折及下颈椎损伤均获骨性愈合;未出现与手术直接相关并发症及长期卧床所导致的并发症;2例不完全性脊髓损伤患者术后脊髓功能Frankel分级提高1级.结论 齿状突骨折并存下颈椎损伤的发生率占齿状突骨折的10.5%,多见于合并颈椎退行性变的老年患者,常需MRI检查以明确诊断.手术治疗此类损伤安全有效,可促进康复、减少并发症.对于合并神经功能损伤者,先固定导致神经功能损伤节段;无神经功能损伤者,先处理相对不稳定节段.

Diagnosis and treatment of odontoid fracture combined with lower cervical spinal injury

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mechanism, clinical features and treatment of odontoid fracture combined with lower cervical spinal injury. METHODS: From January 1999 to December 2004, 57 cases of type II or shallow type III odontoid fractures were studied retrospectively. Six cases were found combined with lower cervical injury, the mean age was 54 years, and 4 of the 6 cases were complicated with cervical spondylarthrosis or ankylosing spondylitis. For the lower cervical injury, fracture-dislocation was found in 2 cases, the disruption of disc and ligament was found in 4 cases among which 2 cases were suffered from incomplete spinal cord injury; Both were caused by lower cervical spinal injury. All of the 6 cases were performed with surgery in odontoid fracture and lower cervical spinal injury simultaneously; Lower cervical spinal injuries were stabilized firstly in 2 cases, which responsible for neurological involvement; For the other 4 cases without neurological involvement, stabilization was performed in odontoid fracture firstly in 2 cases, due to inability to achieve reduction of odontoid fracture preoperatively, however, for the another 2 cases with anatomic reduction of the odontoid fracture preoperatively, lower cervical injuries were stabilized firstly. RESULTS: After an average follow-up of 10 months, all cases were obtained solid fusion both in odontoid fracture and lower cervical spinal injury, and without the complications associated with operation and prolonged bed rest. Two cases with neurological defect improved 1 scale in Frankel score. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of odontoid fracture combined with lower cervical spinal injury is about 10.5% of the odontoid fracture, and it is vulnerable in the elderly patient with cervical spondylarthrosis. MRI should be used routinely for accurate diagnosis. Surgical stabilization is the choice of treatment due to facilitating early rehabilitation and reducing the complications. The surgical schedule is planned according to the fact of neurological involvement and the extent of stability between the odontoid fracture and lower cervical spinal injury.