消费者对食品营养标签的认知、使用及获益感知研究 —— 基于北京市的问卷调查

  目的  了解中国6省（直辖市）居民选择盐、糖和脂肪含量较低预包装食品的能力与其对不同类型食品包装正面标识（FOP）偏好的关系，为我国出台FOP提供科学依据。  方法  于2020年7月 — 2021年3月采用多阶段抽样方法，以18～70岁居民为研究对象在6省（直辖市）进行横断面调查，回收有效问卷3 002份，采用SAS 9.4软件进行单因素分析和多因素logistic回归分析。  结果  分别有54.6 %（1 639/3 002）、55.3 %（1 661/3 002）和54.1 %（1 624/3 002）的对象自报有能力选择盐、糖和脂肪含量较低的预包装食品，35.4 %（1 064/3 002）认为多重红绿灯标识更容易帮助其快速选择健康食品。以GDA型标识为参照，经调整人口学特征后，logistic回归分析结果显示，与自报有能力者相比，自报有一点能力选择盐、糖、脂肪含量较低预包装食品者均认为聪明选择标识和营养评分标识更容易帮助快速选择健康食品，自报有一点能力选择盐、糖含量较低预包装食品者亦认为多重红绿灯标识更有帮助，自报有一点能力选择盐含量较低预包装食品者还认为黑色警示标识更有帮助，而自报没有能力选择盐、糖、脂肪含量较低预包装食品者仅认为聪明选择标识更有帮助，以上均OR值 > 1（均P < 0.05）。  结论  我国6省（直辖市）中近一半居民选择盐、糖和脂肪含量较低预包装食品的能力较低，在多重红绿灯标识的基础上融入总体评价元素的FOP形式或有希望为我国公众轻松做出健康选择发挥作用。

Completeness of nutrient declarations and the average nutritional composition of pre-packaged foods in Beijing,China

  Objective   To explore the association between the ability to choose prepackaged foods with low salt/sugar/fat and the preference for front-of-pack labeling (FOP) among residents in six provincial-level administrative divisions (PLADs) across China and to provide evidences for the development of domestic FOP.   Methods   With multistage sampling and a self-designed questionnaire, 3 037 residents aged 18 – 70 years were recruited in six PLADs for a cross-sectional survey from July 2020 to March 2021. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were conducted with SAS 9.4.   Results  Complete information were collected from 3 002 of the participants. Of the valid respondents, 54.6% (1 639), 55.3% (1 661), and 54.1% (1 624) reported being able to choose prepackaged foods with low salt, sugar, and fat and 35.4% (1 064) of the respondents considered that the FOP in the format of multiple traffic light (MTL) could help them select healthier food quickly. After adjusting for demographic confounders, the results of logistic regression analysis revealed that in comparison to the respondents with self-reported ability to choose prepackaged food with low salt/sugar/fat, the respondents having a little self-reported ability were more likely to believe the FOP in formats of health logos-smart choice, and nutri-score could help them select healthier food more quickly than the FOP in the format of guideline daily amount (GDA); the respondents having a little ability to choose prepackaged food with low salt or sugar were more likely to believe the FOP in the format of MTL could be more helpful in selecting healthy food than GDA of FOP and the respondents having a little ability to choose prepackaged food with low salt were more likely to believe the FOP in the format of warning labels could be more helpful; while, the respondents without the ability to choose prepackaged foods with low salt/sugar/fat were more likely to believe the FOP in format of smart choice could be more helpful. All the above results are of significance, with the odds ratios of greater than one (P < 0.05 for all).   Conclusion   In China, nearly a half of residents had a low ability to choose prepackaged foods with low salt/sugar/fat; the FOP format integrating summary indicators on the basis of MTL may hopefully play a role in improving the residents′ ability to choose healthier foods.