脂质和聚合物载体作为mRNA递送系统的研究进展

信使核糖核酸（messenger ribonucleic acid，mRNA）作为一种非常有潜力的基因药物，在蛋白质替代疗法、疫苗、基因编辑等方面具有广阔的应用前景。而安全高效的mRNA递送系统是其临床转化成药的关键。脂质和聚合物载体因其结构多样、制备简便等优势，被广泛用于mRNA递送。两者均能有效负载mRNA并保护其不被降解，促进其被靶细胞摄取，快速逃逸并释放mRNA，提升mRNA递送效率。通过对不同类型脂质和聚合物载体在mRNA递送中研究进展进行综述，以期为后续设计新型mRNA递送载体提供思路及参考。

Research Advances in Lipid- and Polymer-Based mRNA Delivery Systems

Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) has emerged as promising therapeutic nucleic acid with great potential in many therapeutic applications such as protein replacement therapy, vaccines, gene editing, etc. However, the clinical implementation of mRNA therapeutics critically depends on the safe and effective mRNA delivery to the target site. Lipid- and polymer-based vectors are widely used for mRNA delivery by virtue of their structural diversity and facile preparation. They can effectively load mRNA and protect it from degradation, promote its uptake by target cells, facilitate effective endosome escape and release mRNA for therapeutic purposes. In this review, we summarized recent progress on the development of lipid and polymer vectors in mRNA delivery, hoping to provide a new perspective and reference for the rational design of mRNA delivery systems.