打印复印设备释放污染物与健康效应

  目的   探究打印机释放颗粒物浓度的时空分布及通风因素的影响。  方法  在体积为0.606 m³（1.035 m × 0.711 m × 0.823 m）实验仓中进行实验，使用气溶胶粒径谱仪监测实验仓内不同位置的颗粒物浓度随打印机工作时间的变化；探究通风时机、通风流量和通风时长对颗粒物浓度的影响。  结果  实验仓内不同位置的颗粒物数量浓度达到峰值的时间无差异；颗粒物浓度峰值随高度升高而降低 （r_s = – 0.740，P < 0.001），且随水平距离增加而衰减（r_s = – 0.351，P < 0.01）。在打印前、打印开始、打印结束后通风和不通风时颗粒物浓度峰值分别为（– 26.96 ± 8.42）、（– 5.67 ± 4.72）、（39.23 ± 16.85）和（75.43 ± 15.37） p/cm³，有统计学差异（P < 0.05）。在打印开始时通风，颗粒物数量浓度峰值随通风流量增加和通风时间延长而显著下降。  结论  打印机释放颗粒物在实验仓内扩散迅速，浓度峰值呈现垂直分布和距离衰减；通风时机、通风流量和通风时长可影响浓度水平。

Indoor air quality for chemical and ultrafine particle contaminants from printers

  Objective  To explore temporospatial distribution of particulate matter (PM) released by printer and the influence of ventilation factors on the distribution.   Methods  An experimental chamber with a sized of 0.606 cubic meter (1.035 × 0.711 × 0.823) was fabricated for the study. The concentration of PM released by a printer at different times and locations was measured with a aerosol particle spectrometer. A ventilator was utilized to evaluate the influence of ventilation timing, flow rate and duration on the concentration of PM released by the printer.   Results  No significant difference was observed in the time of PM concentration reaching to the peak value at different positions in the experimental chamber (P > 0.05). The peak value of PM concentration decreased with the increase in the height of detection position (r_s = – 0.740, P < 0.001) and horizontal distance between the printer and detection point (r_s = – 0.351, P < 0.01). In terms of ventilation, the peak value of PM concentration (number of particulates/per cubic centimeter) was – 26.96 ± 8.42 for the ventilation before printing, – 5.67 ± 4.72 for the ventilation at the beginning of printing, 39.23 ± 16.85 for the ventilation at the end of printing, and 75.43 ± 15.37 for without ventilation, respectively, with a significant difference among the peak values (P < 0.05). The peak value of PM concentration decreased with the increase in ventilation flow rate and duration.   Conclusion  The particles released by printer spread rapidly in the experimental chamber and the number of released particulate matter presents an obvious vertical distribution and a horizontal distance attenuation. Ventilation timing, flow rate, and duration can affect the concentration of released particulate matter.