病毒疫苗的研究进展

病毒疫苗的接种是预防和控制病毒感染、传播、流行最为有效的手段。随着2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）疫情的暴发，mRNA疫苗、基因工程疫苗、病毒载体疫苗等多个新平台和新技术被进一步开发和利用。总结目前病毒疫苗的主要类型以及与之相关的新技术和新方法，分析病毒疫苗的研发难点，提出加强对病原体多样性、机体免疫机制、疫苗类型、递送系统、新型佐剂机制等的基础研究，是加快对人类有重大影响的流行病毒疫苗和新突发传染病病毒疫苗等短缺疫苗研发的重要保障。

Research Progress of Viral Vaccines

Vaccination is the most effective means of preventing and controlling virus infection, transmission and prevalence. With the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, many new platforms and technologies such as mRNA vaccines, genetic engineering vaccines and viral vector vaccines have been further developed and utilized. This paper summarizes and sorts out the main types of viral vaccines and relevant new technologies and methods, and analyzes the difficulties in the research and development of viral vaccines. It is suggested that the basic research on viral diversity, mechanism of immune responses, vaccine types, vaccine deliver system and new adjuvant mechanisms should be strengthened so as to provide strong support for the development of vaccines against epidemic and emerging viruses.