高职学生学校生活适应不良在自闭特质与抑郁关系中的中介作用

目的  探究自闭特质对抑郁的影响，了解学校生活适应不良在关系链中的作用，为抑郁症状的干预提供线索。方法  以六安市、安庆市2所高职院校全体在校1、2年级学生为研究对象，调查人口统计学特征、自闭特质水平、学校生活适应不良及抑郁状况。采用多因素logistic回归分析模型分析自闭特质对学校生活适应不良和抑郁发生的影响，运用Bootstrap中介检验分析学校生活适应不良在其中发挥的作用及大小。结果  纳入了3 316名研究对象，无抑郁1 667人，占50.3%。轻度抑郁1 071人，中度抑郁542人，重度抑郁36人，分别占32.3%、16.3%、1.1%。多因素logistic回归分析模型分析显示：参考低自闭水平，高自闭特质为学校适应不良和抑郁发生的危险因素(OR=1.810, 95% CI: 1.260~2.601, P=0.001；OR=4.940, 95% CI: 3.429~7.119, P < 0.001)。中介效应分析显示：学校生活适应不良在自闭特质与抑郁关系链中起部分中介作用，间接效应占44.07%。结论  自闭特质水平不仅可以直接影响抑郁，也可以通过学生学校生活适应不良去间接影响抑郁。积极的学校适应可以缓解高自闭特质对于抑郁发生的不良影响，为降低高职学生抑郁不良心理，应着重关注学生们的学校适应情况。

The mediating effect of school life maladjustment on the relationship between autistic traits and depression in vocational college students

Objective To investigate the impact of autistic traits on depression and to understand the role of maladaptation to school life in the relationship chain, providing clues for the intervention of depression symptoms. Methods The study included all first and second grade students from two vocational colleges in Lu′an and Anqing cities. Demographic characteristics, levels of autistic traits, maladaptation to school life, and depression status were investigated. A multiple logistic regression model was used to analyze the effect of autistic traits on maladaptation to school life and depression. The mediating effect of maladaptation on school life was studied using Bootstrap. Results A total of 3 316 subjects were included, among whom 1 667 (50.3%) had no depression, 1 071 (32.3%) had mild depression, 542 (16.3%) had moderate depression, and 36 (1.1%) had severe depression. The multiple logistic regression models showed that high levels of autistic traits were risk factors for maladaptation to school life and depression (OR=1.810, 95% CI: 1.260-2.601, P=0.001; OR=4.940, 95% CI: 3.429-7.119, P < 0.001). The mediating effect analysis showed that maladaptation to school life partially mediated the relationship chain between autistic traits and depression, with an indirect effect accounting for 44.07% of the total effect. Conclusions The level of autistic traits can not only directly affect depression but also indirectly affect it through maladaptation to school life. Positive adaptation to school life can alleviate the adverse effects of high autistic traits on depression. Therefore, to reduce the incidence of depression among vocational college students, attention should be paid to their adaptation to school life.