肝细胞肝癌免疫微环境与治疗研究新进展

肝细胞肝癌是全球第六大常见癌症，预后极差。现行肝癌治疗手段包括手术切除、肝移植、射频消融及经肝动脉栓塞化疗等，但这些治疗方案在晚期肝癌患者中收效甚微。目前，针对晚期肝癌患者，以细胞增殖、转移和血管生成为靶点的治疗策略也取得一定的疗效，但总体效果仍未能令人满意。值得注意的是，肝癌治疗中化疗、靶向治疗及免疫治疗的有效性与患者自身（原发性）或治疗后（继发性）的组织免疫微环境密切相关。总结肝癌免疫微环境塑造和功能的研究新进展，介绍新近肝癌临床治疗策略，重点关注现行治疗策略对局部肿瘤免疫微环境的影响，并进一步讨论目前肝癌临床前研究对后续新治疗策略产生的启发。

Research Progress in Immune Microenvironment and Therapy of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide, with an extremely poor prognosis.Current treatment methods of HCC include surgical resection, liver transplantation, radiofrequency ablation, and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization. However, these treatment schemes have little effect on patients with advanced hepatoma. Although recent chemotherapies targeting cell proliferation, metastasis, and angiogenesis are encouraging in patients with advanced HCC, the overall outcome is still not satisfactory. It is worth noting that the effectiveness of chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy in HCC treatment is closely related to patient's primary or post-treatment (secondary) tissue immune microenvironment. This review summarizes recent progress in the regulation and function of immune microenvironment in HCC, introduces recent clinical therapeutic strategies of liver cancer with focus on the impact of current treatment strategies on local tumor immune microenvironment, and further discusses the inspiration of current preclinical research on follow-up new treatment strategies for liver cancer.