神经影像揭示重度抑郁症的神经回路和肠道微生物群的复杂相互作用

重度抑郁症是一类预后不佳的精神疾病，但它的发病机制尚未完全阐明。磁共振成像的发展为揭示其神经病理机制并明确其客观诊断依据奠定了基础，且越来越多的证据表明重度抑郁症与微生物群-肠-脑轴功能障碍之间存在密切关联。神经影像和测序技术的进步使得探索大脑、肠道和微生物组之间的相互作用变得越来越可行，针对神经影像和肠-脑相互作用的研究将为揭示抑郁症背后的病理机制以及构建针对抑郁症的肠道介导疗法提供一个更加精准的视角。本综述将对重度抑郁症的脑影像研究现状、肠道微生物与重度抑郁症的关系以及脑影像与肠-脑相互作用之间的研究进展进行归纳阐述。

Neuroimaging reveals complex interplay of neural circuits and gut microbiota in major depressive disorder

Major depressive disorder is a kind of complex psychiatric disorder with poor prognosis, but its pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated. The development of magnetic resonance imaging has laid the foundation for revealing its neuropathological mechanism and clarifying its objective diagnosis basis. On the other hand, there is growing evidence of a strong association between major depressive disorder and dysfunction of the microbiota- gut- brain axis. Advances in neuroimaging and sequencing technologies are making it increasingly feasible to explore the interplay between the brain, gut, and microbiome. Studies on neuroimaging and gut-brain interaction will provide a more precise perspective for revealing the pathological mechanism behind major depressive disorder and constructing a gut- mediated therapy for major depressive disorder. This review will summarize the current state of brain imaging research on major depressive disorder, the relationship between gut microbiota and major depressive disorder, and the research progress on brain imaging and gut-brain interaction.