Swim stress reduces chronic pain in mice through an opioid mechanism |
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| Authors: | J Carmody K Cooper |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Paulista University (UNIP), Rua Dr. Bacelar 1212, 4th Floor, 04026-002 São Paulo, SP, Brazil;2. Physiopathology Department, Butantan Institute, Rua Vital Brasil 1500, 05503-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil;1. Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA;2. Program for Cell Enhancement and Technologies for Immunotherapy, Children’s National Health System and The George Washington University, Washington D.C., USA;3. Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;1. Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad del Bajío, University of Guanajuato, León, Guanajuato, Mexico;2. Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad del Bajío, León, Guanajuato, Mexico |
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| Abstract: | Chronic nociception has been studied in male mice by means of the formalin test in which forelimb motor behaviour is scored after subcutaneous formalin injection. The rating remained above 2.0 for 30 min after the injection (scale range 0-3). The magnitude of the nociception has been compared with that reported in other animal types. Mice are more sensitive than rats, cats and monkeys. The stress of a swim of 3 min has been found to reduce nociception by up to 25%. This analgesia is wholly opioid in nature, being abolished by a moderate dose of naloxone (1 mg/kg). |
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