人体成分指标对预测鼻咽癌患者营养不良初步探讨

目的 探讨鼻咽癌患者同步放化疗期间营养状况与生活质量相关性,以期探索人体成分中评价营养不良最合适指标。方法 采用前瞻性方法以2014-2015年在复旦大学附属肿瘤医院放疗科48例鼻咽癌患者作为研究对象。采用欧洲肠外肠内营养学会营养不良诊断共识及患者主观整体评估方法进行营养评估,并采用生物电阻抗法观察同步放化疗期间患者的人体成分变化;采用Pearson法相关分析研究营养状况与生活质量的相关性;采用Logistics回归分析预测鼻咽癌患者营养状况的影响因素。结果 同步放化疗期间随时间变化人体成分指标如体重、体重指数、脂肪组织指数、去脂组织指数、体细胞量、骨骼肌量及相位角均有不同程度下降,患者主观整体评估评分逐渐升高(P=0.00)。根据2015年欧洲肠外肠内营养学会营养不良诊断共识检出放疗期间鼻咽癌营养不良发生率为2.1%~39.6%,根据患者主观整体评估评分检出率为12.5%~41.7%,两种方法在放疗第4、6周的一致性较好(Kappa=0.911、0.957)。放疗期间去脂组织指数和体重变化值与生活质量评分变化值存在相关性(r=0.805,P=0.00)(r=0.777,P=0.00)。因素分析显示年龄、脂肪组织指数、去脂组织指数对营养状况有显著影响(P=0.035、0.013、0.043)。结论 鼻咽癌患者放化疗期间营养状况下降明显,营养状况与患者生活质量密切相关,建立营养状况预测模型可更为全面准确地判断患者营养状况。

A preliminary investigation of body composition in prediction of malnutrition in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Objective To investigate the relationship between nutritional status and quality of life (QOL) in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma undergoing concurrent chemoradiotherapy, and to identify the optimal indices of body composition for evaluation of malnutrition. Methods Based on the European Society Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ESPEN) consensus on the diagnosis of malnutrition and patient-generated subjective global assessment (PG-SGA), a prospective study was performed in 48 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma who received concurrent chemoradiotherapy in our hospital from 2014 to 2015. Changes in body composition and nutritional status were evaluated in those patients. The relationship between nutritional status and QOL was studied. The predictive factors for nutritional status in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma were explored. The correlation between datasets was evaluated by the Pearson correlation coefficient. The influencing factors for nutritional status were analyzed by Logistic regression. Results During concurrent chemoradiotherapy, some indices of body composition, including weight, body mass index (BMI), fat mass index (FMI), fat-free mass index (FFMI), body cell mass (BCM), skeletal muscle mass (SM), and phase angle (PA) had different degrees of reduction (P=0.00), while the PG-SGA score gradually increased. The incidence of malnutrition in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma during radiotherapy was 2.1%-39.6% based on 2015 ESPEN consensus on the diagnosis of malnutrition and 12.5%-41.7% based on PG-SGA. These two methods showed good agreement at the fourth and sixth weeks of radiotherapy (Kappa=0.911;Kappa=0.957). The changes in QOL score were correlated with changes in FFMI and weight during radiotherapy (r=0.805, P=0.00;r=0.777, P=0.00). Logistic regression indicated that age, FMI, and FFMI were influencing factors for nutritional status (P=0.035,0.013,0.043). Conclusions Patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma have substantial nutritional deterioration during chemoradiotherapy. The nutritional status is closely associated with QOL. A prediction model of nutritional status can provide a comprehensive and accurate judgment of nutritional status in patients.