会宁县2～4岁儿童膳食营养与神经心理发育状况分析

目的 了解会宁县2～4岁儿童膳食营养及神经心理发育状况,探讨儿童营养状况与神经心理发育的关联程度.方法 随机整群抽取会宁县362名2～4岁儿童,采用24 h膳食回顾法及称重法调查儿童随机1 d膳食,运用营养软件评价其营养状况;神经心理发育采用0～6岁,小儿神经心理发育诊断量表进行测验,并计算发育商,以评价儿童神经心理发育状况.结果 儿童膳食能量、蛋白质及碳水化合物基本满足其营养需求,动物性食品摄人较少,脂肪供能偏低.膳食钙、锌、维生素A、维生素C、叶酸、碘摄入普遍不足,其低下率分别为87.8%,97.0%,97.8%.92.0%,96.7%和99.4%;多数儿童神经心理发育正常,处于低下水平的儿童为2.4%.儿童不同神经心理水平间膳食锌、硒、碘摄人量差异有统计学意义(P值均<0.05).结论 会宁县2～4岁儿童膳食营养状况有待改善,神经心理发育与其营养状况存在一定关联.

Dietary Nutrition and Neuropsychoiogical Development of 362 Children Aged 2-4 in Huining County

Objective To understand the status of dietary nutrition and neuropsychological development of children aged 2 to 4 in Huining of Gansu, and to explore relationship between dietary nutrition and neuropsycbology. Methods 362 children aged 2 to 4 were selected by cluster randomsampling. Random one day's diet was investigated by 24-hour dietary recall and weight method, and its nutritional status was evaluated by nutrition software. The neuropsychological development of children was tested by the 0-6 years neuropsychological scale. Results Intake of energy,protein and carbohydrates could meet the need of children,but the intake of animal foods was less than reference and energy by fat was low. Shortage intake of calcium,zinc,vitamin A,vitamin C,folic acid and iodine were prevalent, and the shortage rate of them were 87.8% ,97.0% ,97.8% ,92.0%, 96.7 % and 99.4%., respectively. Most children" s neuropsycbology were normal, only 2.4% of them were low neuropsychology. There were obvious differences in intakes of zinc, selenium and iodine between children of different levels of neuropsycholagy(P < 0.05). Conclusion Dietary nutrition status of children aged 2 to 4 in Huining should be improved. The neuropsychological development of children is associated with its nutrition status.