铅接触者行为毒理评价方法的探讨

本文综合有关文献后提出包含12项神经行为测试组合,对44名铅冶炼厂接铅者进行自身对照的测试。还前后测试了血铅浓度、红细胞游离原卟啉、红细胞谷胱甘肽含量、精氨酸酶活性、外周血淋巴细胞多巴胺受体及~3H-5HT血小板摄取能力。结果铅接触者在未发现临床异常表现时,神经行为已出现改变。主要表现为记忆力、眼手协调性及手工操作速度明显下降,视能力也有一定影响。情感障碍主要表现为厌烦、易激动。接铅后各项实验室指标都有显著性改变。据多类判别分析及相关分析结果,我们认为神经行为测试指标组合简单反应时及心算作为铅中毒早期评价指标是可行的。自我感觉状态可作为参考指标。我们还试图解释铅吸收出现某些神经行为异常的原因。

Behaviral toxicological methods in assessing the health status of lead exposers.

44 lead smelting workers were assessed with self-control design and with neurobehavioral test battery (12 items) which was proposed in accordance to summary of relative literature, while some biochemical indices (bloodlead concentration, FEP, content of erythrocyte glutathione, arginase activity, platelet ~3H-5HT uptake, lymphocyte dopamine receptors) were also examined. It was found that memory ability, eye-hand accordance and manual operating velocity were obviously declining, and visual ability was affected,meanwhile no clinical abnormality was shown. The main emotional disturbances were fidget and excitement. All the biochemical indices were obviously changed. According to the result of polydiscriminant analysis and correlation analysis, it was suggested that it would be possible to detect early lead exposure on lead exposed workers by neurobehavioral tests, simple visual reaction time and mental arithmetic. Feeling tone checklist would be also regarded as reference indicator. The cause of neurobehavioral abnormality of lead operating workers was discussed.