涤纶环深静脉留置导管在血液透析中的应用

目的 探讨经皮下隧道留置带涤纶环双腔导管作为血液透析长期通路的方法、临床应用效果及并发症的防治.方法 采用Seldinger技术和撕脱型扩张导管法对25例血液透析患者行带涤纶环导管深静脉留置术并观察置管术后相关的并发症;同时以尿素清除指数(Kt/V)、时间平均尿素浓度(TACurea)、蛋白质分解代谢率(nPCR)和尿素下降率(URR)为指标评价透析效果,同期选20例内瘘患者作透析并进行比较.结果 25例患者中,经颈内静脉入路23例(右21例,左2例),颈外静脉及锁骨下静脉各1例.除1例患者脑梗死死亡,其余导管均在使用.出现导管内血栓形成或流量不足4例,经溶栓、导管调整均再通;感染2侧,发生率3.61次/1000导管日,抗感染治疗后炎症消失.25例的平均URR 71.03%,Kt/V 1.29,TACurea 12.74 mmol/L,nPCR0.93 g/(kg·d);与内痿患者[URR 72.46%,Kt/V 1.31,TACurea 12.86 mmol/L,nPCR 0.94 g/(kg·d)]比较差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05).结论 涤纶环双腔血液透析导管可长期留置,并可保障透析充分;良好的置管技术和并发症防治,可以提高导管的使用效果.

Application of long-term cuffed catheter in patients with chronic hemodialysis

Objective To investigate the technique and effect of tunneled cuffed catheter as long-term hemodialysis access and the prevention of its related complications.Methods Permcath cuffed dual lumen catheter wag implanted in patients by the standard Seldinger technique,that a guidewire wss inserted into deep central vein, following by the insertion of the cuffed catheter through a peel-away sheath.The catheter related complications were observed.Urea reduce rate(URR),the Kt/V,the normalized protein catabolic rate(nPCR)and the time-averaged BUN concentration(TACurea)were measured as the index of the effect of hemodislysis.The effects were compared to those of arteriovenous fistula(AVF)within the same period(in 20 cases).Results In the total of 25 patients, 23 catheters were implanted in the internal jugular vein (21 cases at right,two at left side),one in the subclavian vein and one in the external jugular vein.Except for that one case died of cerebral infarction,all patients were using the catheter in well condition.Catheter related thrombosis or underfed occurred in 4 cases for 9 times, which became fluent after thrombolytic therapy or the adjustment of catheters.Catheter related infections occurred in 2 cases,and were successfully treated with anti-inflammation therapy.The average URR was 71.03%,Kt/V was 1.29,TAC urea was 12.74 mmol/L,and nPCR was 0.93 g/(kg·d)in all 25 patients,which was not significant different compared to patients with AVF((URR 72.46%,Kt/V 1.31,TACurea 12.86 mmol/L,nPCR 0.94 g/(kg·d)).Conclusions Cuffed dual lumen catheter for long-term aecegs in persistent hemodialysis has good effect on hemodialysis. Good catheter implanting technique and prevention of complications may improve the application of the catheter.