带蒂皮瓣移位联合外固定支架治疗小腿开放性骨折伴软组织缺损

目的总结带蒂皮瓣移位联合外固定支架治疗小腿开放性骨折伴软组织缺损的临床效果。方法2004年5月-2007年6月，收治小腿开放性骨折伴皮肤软组织缺损患者12例。男9例，女3例；年龄18～75岁。车祸伤8例，压砸伤2例，坠落伤、机器伤各1例。根据Gustilo分型：Ⅱ型2例,ⅢA型5例，ⅢB型5例。骨折位于胫骨上段2例，中段3例，中下段7例。软组织缺损范围5cm×3cm～22cm×10cm，骨外露范围3cm×2cm～6cm×3cm。病程1～12h。入院后以外固定支架或联合克氏针有限内固定重建骨稳定性，采用同侧小腿局部旋转皮（肌）瓣、腓肠神经营养皮（肌）瓣、隐神经营养皮瓣修复创面。皮（肌）瓣切取范围5cm×4cm～18cm×12cm。供区创面采用游离植皮或直接缝合。结果术后2例皮瓣创缘部分感染，1例皮瓣远端部分坏死，经换药处理后创缘Ⅱ期愈合；余患者皮瓣均成活，切口Ⅰ期愈合。供区植皮成活，切口均Ⅰ期愈合。术后患者均获随访，随访时间6个月～2年。皮瓣外形满意，质地优良，无明显臃肿。8例出现外固定支架针道感染，外固定取出后痊愈。1例胫骨中下段粉碎性骨折不愈合，2例胫骨中下段骨折延迟愈合，余患者骨折于术后3～4个月愈合。3例超踝关节外固定患者踝关节活动稍差，踝关节背伸0～10^o，跖屈10～30^o，余患者踝关节背伸10～20^o，跖屈30～50^o。结论带蒂皮瓣移位联合外固定支架治疗小腿开放性骨折伴皮肤软组织缺损是一种安全有效的方法。

PEDICLE FLAP TRANSFER COMBINED WITH EXTERNAL FIXATOR TO TREAT LEG OPEN FRACTURE WITH SOFT TISSUE DEFECT

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical results of treating leg open fracture with soft tissue defect by pedicle flap transfer in combination with external fixator. METHODS: From May 2004 to June 2007, 12 cases of leg open fracture with soft tissue defect, 9 males and 3 females aged 18-75 years, were treated. Among them, 8 cases were caused by traffic accidents, 2 crush, 1 falling and 1 mechanical accident. According to the Gustilo Classification, there were 2 cases of type II, 5 of type IIIA and 5 of type IIIB. There were 2 cases of upper-tibia fracture, 3 of middle-tibia and 7 of middle-lower. The sizes of soft tissue defect ranged from 5 cm x 3 cm to 22 cm x 10 cm.The sizes of exposed bone ranged from 3 cm x 2 cm to 6 cm x 3 cm. The course of the disease was 1-12 hours. Fracture fixation was reached by external fixators or external fixators and limited internal fixation with Kirschner wire. The wounds with exposed tendons and bones were repaired by ipsilateral local rotation flap, sural neurocutaneous flap and saphenous nerve flap. The size of selected flap ranged from 5 cm x 4 cm to 18 cm x 12 cm. Granulation wounds were repaired by skin grafting or direct suture. RESULTS: All patients were followed up for 6 months to 2 years. All patients survived, among whom 2 with the wound edge infection and 1 with the distal necrosis were cured by changing the dressing, 8 with pin hole infection were treated by taking out the external fixator, 1 with nonunion received facture healing after bone graft in comminuted fracture of lower tibia, 2 suffered delayed union in middle-lower tibia fracture. The ROM of ankle in 3 cases was mildly poor with surpass-joint fixation, with plantar extension of 0-10 degrees and plantar flexion of 10-30 degrees, while the others had plantar extension of 10-20 degrees and plantar flexion of 30-50 degrees. CONCLUSION: The method of pedicle flap transfer combined with external fixator is safe and effective for the leg open fracture with soft tissue defect.