先天性外中耳畸形耳廓再造与听力重建手术的远期疗效观察

目的探讨先天性外中耳畸形患者全耳廓再造与听力重建手术的远期听力效果和并发症。方法对1984年1月至2001年1月期间，北京同仁医院耳鼻咽喉科住院的675例(700耳)行全耳廓再造与听力重建手术的外中耳畸形患者进行随访，其中40耳未行听力重建术，实际听力随访635例(660耳)。随访3～19年，平均7．9年。结果外耳道狭窄120耳，外耳道再闭锁2耳，发生率18．5％(122／660)。外耳道感染6耳。术后听力改善(听力级，下同)20dB以上者512耳，占77．6％；其中改善30dB以上者231耳，占35％。随访结果：术后听力稳定者450耳(68、2％)；随访听力比术后3周时听力不同程度下降者160耳(24．2％)，其中，感音神经性聋2耳，听力下降20dB以上者35耳，123耳为听力下降10～15dB，但仍然比术前听力好。结论68．2％(450／660)耳廓再造与听力重建手术的患者可长期保持稳定的术后听力效果；患者听力下降主要发生于术后半年内，与外耳道狭窄及感染关系密切，少数患者的听力下降与鼓室内粘连、后下壁骨质增生、听骨固定或移位有关。

Long-term surgical results for congenital aural atresia and hearing reconstruction

Objective To evaluate the stability of hearing results and complications in long-term following-up who underwent reconstruction surgery. Methods Six hundreds and seventy five cases (700 ears) of congenital aural atresia were reviewed from January 1984 to January 2001 at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tongren hospital. Except 40 ears undone hearing reconstruction, 635 cases (660 ears) underwent long-term following-up for 3 to 19 years, with an average of 7.9 years.Results Stenosis and recurrent infection of the external auditory canal (EAC) were the most frequent complications. Stenosis was seen in 120 ears, and 2 ears re-atresia, with an incidence of 18.48% (122/660). Recurrent infection of the cavity and canal skin happened in 6 ears. Closure of the air-bone gap (ABG) post-operation were gained in all cases, and ABG gains 20 dB or more occurred in 512 ears (77.57%), but 30 dB or more in 231 ears (35%). Following-up results: Stable hearing results gained in 450 ears over the length of following-up; the hearing worsened than that of 3weeks postoperatively occurred in 160 ears, including 2 ears with sensorineural hearing loss. Hearing deteriorated more than 20 dB happened in 35 ears, and 10-15 dB in others cases but still be improved compared with that of preoperation. Conclusions Atresiaplasty surgery in individuals with congenital aural atresia can yield reliable, lasting hearing results in 68.2% (450/660), with a low incidence of complications; the initial improved hearing deteriorated gradually over the first 6 months post-operation, which are related with the stenosis and infection of canal. Cavity adhesion, bony EAC re-growth, ossicular chain re-fixation or displace may affect the hearing results in some cases. Even unilateral aural atresia may benefit from the reconstruction surgery and achieve serviceable hearing results.