北京市大兴区3-12岁儿童乙型肝炎疫苗免后流行病学效果观察

目的　评价大兴区新生儿接种乙型肝炎疫苗后血清乙肝病毒 (HBV)标志物的变化。方法　分析接种疫苗后乙肝疫情报告资料 ;采取多级整群随机抽样方法对该区 3- 12岁儿童进行横断面调查 ,并收集血清标本 ,应用固相放射免疫法检测血清中表面抗原 (抗 -HBsAg)、表面抗体 (抗 -HBc)、核心抗体 (抗 HBc)。结果共调查 3- 12岁儿童 4 35名 ,表面抗原阳性 1名 (阳性率为 0.2 % ) ;核心抗体阳性 1名 (阳性率为 0.2 % ) ;表面抗体阳性 202名 ,阳性率为 46.4 % ,表面抗体滴度 (GMT)为 72.5。新生儿接种乙肝疫苗后 ,乙肝发病率由 90年代的 11.2/ 10万 - 22.9/ 10万降至 0.4 / 10万。表面抗原携带率由 3.2%降至 0.2 % ,下降约 92.8%。结论　新生儿乙肝疫苗接种是预防和控制乙肝病毒感染的有效手段。

Observation on Epidemiological Effects of Hepatitis B Vaccine Post-immunization for 3-12 Years Old Children in Daxing District of Beijing City

Objective To evaluate the changes of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) markers in blood serum of newborn babies in Daxing District after being inoculated with Hepatitis B vaccine. Methods To analyze the report data of Hepatitis B epidemic situation after inoculation and adopt multistage cluster random sampling to carry out cross-sectional investigation on 3-12 years old children in this district, and collect serum samples to determine surface antigen (HBsAg), surface antibody (HBsAb) and core antibody (HBcAb) in blood serum using solid radio-immunological assay. Results A total of 435 children at 3-12 years old were investigated, within which one had positive HBsAg (the positive rate was 0.2%); one had positive HBcAb (the positive rate was 0.2%); 202 children had positive HBsAb with a positive rate of 46.4% and geometric mean titer (GMT) at 72.5%. After the newborn were inoculated with Hepatitis B vaccine, the morbidity of Hepatitis B decreased from 11.2/lakh-22.9/lakh to 0.4/lakh and the rate of carrying surface antigen declined from 3.2% to 0.2% to an extent of about 92.8%. Conclusion Inoculation for newborn babies with Hepatitis B vaccine was an effective approach to prevent and control HBV infection.