宁夏农村成年人群高血压患病率、知晓率、治疗率和控制率现况分析

目的评估宁夏回族自治区农村成年人群高血压患病、治疗和控制现况。方法采用分层整群抽样的流行病学调查方法,将调查地区按经济状况分为好、差两层,利用随机抽样方法确定两个调查市(固原市和吴忠市),从抽到的市中随机选取一个乡镇,将抽中的乡镇中的全部自然村按民族聚居分为回族自然村和汉族自然村两层,采用整群抽样方法,在样本乡镇的全部回族自然村和汉族自然村中,随机抽取一个自然村作为调查单元,对抽中的自然村25～74岁(10岁为一个年龄组)且居住四代及以上居民进行调查,回汉各半,男女各半。采用标准问卷询问高血压病史以及高血压的治疗情况。调查人数3324人,对全部样本测定体重指数和血压等,运用《中国高血压防治指南》2004年诊断标准对高血压分类并对资料进行分析。结果宁夏农村成年人群高血压患病率为28.5%,经WH0世界标准人口年龄构成WASR(2000-2025)标化后高血压患病率为15.8%。在高血压患者中有299人(31.5%)高血压患者知道患有高血压,129人(13.6%)高血压患者服用降压药物,24人(2.7%)高血压患者血压得到控制。女性高血压的知晓率36.4%高于男性24.6%(P=0.005)。回族高血压知晓率低于汉族,但治疗率和控制率与汉族比较均无统计学意义(分别为26.8%、11.9%、2.1%vs36.4%、15.4%、3.2%)(P=0.019,P=0.097,P=0.209)。结论宁夏农村成年人群具有较高的高血压患病率,以中青年人群为主;高血压患者中的知晓率、治疗率和控制率均较全国水平较低。

Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension among rural adult residents in Ningxia

Objective To describe the prevalence,distribution,current status awareness,and control of hypertension among rural adult residents in Ningxia.Methods Stratified cluster sampling methods was used and the participants were interviewed by trained health workers under a structured questionnaire.The number of research subjects was 3324.Body mass index(BMI) and Blood pressure(BP) of all samples(3324 subjects) were measured.and the data was analyses by the Chinese hypertension prevention and care guideline,2004.Results A total of 3324 adults(age 25-74 years) participated.The age-adjusted prevalence of hypertension was 15.8% in all participant,15.7% in male subjects and 16.1% in female subjects.Only 31.5% of all hypertensive patients were aware of their status,13.6% were taking antihypertensive medication and 2.7% were controlled(blood pressure < 140 /90mmHg under antihypertensive medication).More Han ethnic group(36.4%) were aware of their hypertension than were Hui ethnic group(26.8%)(P = 0.019),treatment and control had no statistically significant between Hui ethnic group and Han ethnic group(15.4% 、3.2% vs 11.9% 、2.1%,P = 0.097 P = 0.209).Conclusion Our results indicate that hypertension is highly prevalent among rural residents in Ningxia.The percentages of those with hypertension who are aware,treated,and controlled are unacceptably low.These results underscore the urgent need to develop national strategies to improve prevention,detection,and treatment of hypertension in the population.