中国地鼠口腔颊囊黏膜癌模型的建立及癌变的动态观察

目的: 利用二甲基苯并蒽(DMBA)涂抹法建立中国地鼠颊囊黏膜癌的实验动物模型,观察癌变不同时期的组织学动态变化过程。方法: 将60只雄性中国地鼠随机分为3组,分别为模型组(24只)、溶剂对照组(12只)、空白对照组(24只)。溶剂对照组仅涂丙酮液,空白对照组不作任何处理,模型组以0.5% DMBA涂抹中国地鼠两侧颊囊,每周3次,共15周。分别于第6、9、12、15周将模型组和空白对照组随机处死6只,溶剂对照组处死3只,在肉眼及光镜下动态观察颊囊黏膜癌变全过程的形态学和显微组织学改变。结果: 与对照组比较,DMBA长时间处理后模型组地鼠相继出现口腔内黏膜充血、增厚、溃烂化脓、白斑及菜花状赘生物等变化,经历了单纯上皮增生(6~9周)、不同程度上皮异常增生(9~12周)、原位癌及鳞状细胞癌(12~15周)等阶段。结论: DMBA涂抹法可成功建立中国地鼠颊囊黏膜癌前病变、鳞状细胞癌模型,发病过程与人类口腔鳞状细胞癌相似,为口腔鳞癌的多阶段、多步骤研究提供了一个较为理想的动物模型。

Development of oral buccal pouch mucosa cancer in Chinese hamsters and dynamic observation of their carcinogenesis

OBJECTIVE: To observe the dynamic histological changes in dimethylbenzanthracene(DMBA)-induced cancer in the Chinese hamster's buccal pouch mucosa cancer experimental animal model. METHODS: 60 male Chinese hamsters were randomly divided into three groups;experimental group(24 hamsters),solvent control group (12 hamsters) and control group(24 hamsters). In the solvent control group,the site was only coated with acetone solution. The buccal pouch mucosas were treated with 0.5% DMBA 3 times a week for 15 weeks. For the experimental and the control groups,6 hamsters were randomly selected and killed after 6 weeks,9 weeks,12 weeks and 15 weeks. For the solvent control group,3 hamsters were killed each time. The morphological and histological changes of buccal pouch mucosa were dynamic observed under naked eye and light microscope. RESULTS: Compared with the control group,a series of abnormal changes was consecutively observed in the experimental group;hyperemia,incrassation,festering Canker leukoplakia Cauliflower shape vegetations. The stages of histological changes had the simple hyperplasia(6^th-9^th week),the epithelial dysplasia of different degrees(9^th-12^th week),carcinoma in situ and squamous cell carcinomas (12^th-15^th week). CONCLUSION: Our experimental model shows similar changes to that of human oral squamous cell carcinoma. Therefore,the model can be used to study oral squamous cell carcinoma in multi-stage and multi-step dynamic development.