麻黄对去卵巢肥胖大鼠体质量、血脂、血糖及激素水平的影响

背景近年来,中药麻黄用于肥胖症的治疗并有一定的效果,但麻黄对围绝经期妇女的肥胖是否有效有待研究.目的观察口服麻黄水煎剂对去卵巢肥胖大鼠体质量、血脂、血糖及激素水平的影响.设计完全随机分组设计,对照实验.单位兰州大学基础医学院生理学和心理学研究所.材料实验于2006-02/06在甘肃省新药临床前研究重点实验室和兰州大学基础医学院生理学和心理学研究所实验室完成.选用健康雌性SD大鼠44只,随机分为4组,每组11只,分别为假手术组,去卵巢组,雌激素替代治疗组和麻黄组.方法①大鼠用氯胺酮(110 mg/kg)麻醉,除假手术组外全部行双侧去卵巢术.假手术组进行同样的手术过程,但不切除卵巢.②假手术组和去卵巢组大鼠术后每天皮下注射芝麻油(0.2 mL/只),持续到实验结束.③雌激素替代治疗组大鼠术后每天皮下注射雌激素(1 mg/kg),持续到实验结束.④麻黄组大鼠术后自然口服1%浓度的麻黄水煎剂,到第6天浓度逐渐增至8%,持续到实验结束.⑤每天测定大鼠的摄食量,每隔10天测定大鼠的体质量.⑥实验结束时,所有实验动物禁食12 h后,颈动脉取血测定血清指标.同时测定体质量和体长计算李氏指数(g)×103/体长(cm)].主要观察指标①不同时间点各组大鼠体质量及李氏指数.②不同时间点各组大鼠摄食量结果.③大鼠血脂和血糖水平.④不同组别大鼠血清雌激素、孕激素和胰岛素水平. 结果大鼠44只全部进入结果分析.①不同时间点各组大鼠体质量及李氏指数结果去卵巢组大鼠实验开始第20,30,40,50天体质量分别为(256.4±14.3),(271.3±16.1),(276.4±12.7),(285.7±24.2)g,均大于假手术组大鼠相应时间点(226.5±11.5),(241.8±12.6),(243.1±13.5),(251.1±22.4)g,P＜0.05～0.01],李氏指数大于假手术组(317.2±13.5,280.4±11.2,P＜0.01).雌激素替代治疗组实验开始第40,50天体质量分别为(243.7±14.8),(246.2±11.9)g,低于去卵巢组相应时间点(P＜0.05～0.01),李氏指数为289.9±13.5,小于去卵巢组(P＜0.01).麻黄组大鼠实验开始第40,50天体质量分别为(245.4±14.1),(252.4±14.9)g,李氏指数为294.4±11.0,小于去卵巢组(P＜0.05).②不同时间点各组大鼠摄食量结果麻黄组大鼠实验开始第30,40,50天摄食量分别为(17.8±2.4),(22.3±3.9),(26.1±3.5)g/d,与去卵巢组比减少(25.9±4.7),(28.5±5.3),(32.8±5.5)g/d,P＜0.05].③大鼠血脂和血糖水平去卵巢组大鼠血清三酰甘油、胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量分别为(1.73±0.32),(1.45±0.50),(0.78±0.19)mmol/L,高于假手术组(0.94±0.29),(1.05±0.30),(0.08±0.11)mmol/L,P＜0.01].雌激素替代治疗后三酰甘油、胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量及血糖浓度分别为(1.10±0.34),(1.14±0.30),(0.17±0.05),(5.88±1.21)mmol/L,低于去卵巢组(P＜0.05～0.01),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量高于去卵巢组(1.11±0.31),(0.88±0.21)mmol/L,P＜0.05].麻黄组三酰甘油、胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量分别为(0.97±0.16),(1.11±0.20),(0.59±0.07),(0.45±0.061)mmol/L,低与去卵巢组(P＜0.05～0.01).④不同组别大鼠血清雌激素、孕激素和胰岛素水平去卵巢组大鼠雌激素、孕激素水平分别为(17.09±9.00)ng/L,(28.51±7.99)μg/L,低于假手术组(58.69±12.11)ng/L,(62.73±10.93)μg/L,P＜0.01],胰岛素含量高于假手术组(31.74±6.69),(23.75±6.66)mU/L,P＜0.01].雌激素替代治疗组及和麻黄组雌激素水平为(36.03±8.83),(30.18±8.61)ng/L,高于去卵巢组(P＜0.05～0.01),胰岛素水平分别为(21.34±4.57),(24.86±6.20)mU/L,低于去卵巢组(P＜0.05～0.01),麻黄组孕激素水平为(17.68±6.19)μg/L,低于去卵巢组(P＜0.01).结论麻黄能明显降低去卵巢肥胖大鼠的体质量,降低血脂和胰岛素水平,增加血中雌激素水平.

Effects of Ephedra on the body mass and levels of blood lipids, blood glucose and hormones in ovarietomized obese rats

BACKGROUND: Ephedra, a Chinese medicine, is often used to treat obesity with relatively satisfying results recently. However, the effects of Ephedra on the perimenopausal and postmenopausal obese women remain unclear.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of oral Ephedra decoction on body mass and the levels of blood lipids, blood glucose and hormone in ovarietomized obese rats.DESIGN: A completely randomized and controlled experiment.SETTING: Institute of Physiology and Psychology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University.MATERIALS: The experiment was performed in the Key Laboratory of Pre-clinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province and the Laboratory of Institute of Physiology and Psychology, School of Basic Medical Sciences,Lanzhou University from February 2006 to June 2006. Forty-four healthy female SD rats were randomly divided into four groups with 11 rats in each group, namely sham-operated group, ovariectomized group, estrogen replacement therapy group and Ephedra group.METHODS: ① After having been narcotized by cloraminone (110 mg/kg),rats were underwent a bilateral ovariectomy except those in the sham-operated group, which were also operated, but their ovaries were not cut off. ②Rats in the sham-operated group and ovariectomized group were subcutaneously injected with sesame oil (0.2 mL/each rat) every day postoperatively till the end of the experiment. ③ The rats in the estrogen replacement therapy group were given estradiol (1 mg/kg) by subcutaneous injection every day postoperatively till the end of the experiment. ④ The rats in the Ephedra group freely drank 1% water extracts from Ephedra postoperatively, later the concentration of Ephedra gradually increased to 8% on the sixth day, which lasted until the end of the experiment. ⑤ The food intake was monitored daily, and body mass was measured every ten days. ⑥ At the end of the experiment, all the rats were fasted for 12 hours and collected blood samples for the measurement of serum indexes. The body mass and body length were measured to calculate the Lee's index (g)×103/body length (cm)] at the same time.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Body mass and Lee's index at different time points in each group. ② Food intake at different time points in each group. ③ Levels of blood lipids and blood glucose in each group. ④Levels of estrogen, progesterone and insulin in each group.RESULTS: Forty-four rats all entered the analysis of results. ① Result of body mass and Lee's index at different time points: The body masses on the 20th, 30th, 40th and 50th days in the ovariectomized group were (256.4±14.3),(271.3±16.1), (276.4±12.7), (285.7±24.2) g, which were significantly higher than those in the sham-operated group (226.5±11.5), (241.8±12.6),(243.1±13.5), (251.1±22.4) g, P ＜ 0.05-0.01], and the Lee's index in the ovariectomized group was greater than that in the sham-operated group(317.2±13.5, 280.4±11.2, P ＜ 0.01). The body masses on the 40th and 50th days in the estrogen replacement therapy group were (243.7±14.8) and(246.2±11.9) g, which were significantly lower than those in the ovariectomized group (P ＜ 0.05-0.01), and the Lee's index (289.9±13.5) was lower than that in the ovariectomized group (P ＜ 0.01). The body masses on the 40th and 50th days in the Ephedra group were (245.4 ±14.1) and(252.4±14.9) g, and the Lee's index was 294.4±11.0, which were all lower than those in the ovariectomized group (P ＜ 0.05). ② Result of Food in take at different time points: The food intakes on the 30th, 40th and 50th days in the Ephedra group were (17.8±2.4), (22.3±3.9), (26.1±3.5) g per day,which were decreased as compared with those in the ovariectomized group(25.9±4.7), (28.5±5.3), (32.8±5.5) g per day, P ＜ 0.05]. ③ Levels of blood lipids and blood glucose: The levels of triglyceride, cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in the ovariectomized group were (1.73±0.32), (1.45±0.50), (0.78±0.19) mmol/L, which were higher than those in the sham-operated group (0.94±0.29), (1.05±0.30), (0.08±0.11) mmol/L, P ＜ 0.01]. After the estrogen replacement therapy, the levels of triglyceride, cholesterol, LDL-C and blood glucose were (1.10±0.34),(1.14±0.30), (0.17±0.05), (5.88±1.21) mmol/L, which were lower than those in the ovariectomized group (P ＜ 0.05-0.01), but the level of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was higher than that in the ovariectomized group (1.11±0.31), (0.88±0.21) mmol/L, P ＜ 0.05]. The levels of triglyceride, cholesterol, LDL-C and HDL-C in the Ephedra group were (0.97±0.16), (1.11±0.20), (0.59±0.07) and (0.45±0.061) mmol/L, which were lower than those in the ovariectomized group (P ＜ 0.05-0.01). ④ The serum levels of estrogen, progesterone and insulin in each group: The serum levels of estrogen and progesterone in the ovariectomized group were lower than those in the sham-operated group (17.09±9.00), (28.51 ±7.99) μg/L;(58.69±12.11), (62.73±10.93) μg/L, P ＜ 0.01], the serum level of insulin was higher than that in the sham-operated group (31.74±6.69),(23.75±6.66) mU/L, P ＜ 0.01]. The serum levels of estrogen in the estro gen replacement therapy and Ephedra group were (36.03±8.83) and (30.18±8.61) ng/L, which were higher than those in the ovariectomized group(P ＜ 0.05-0.01), the level of insulin were (21.34±4.57), (24.86±6.20) mU/L,which were lower than those in the ovariectomized group (P ＜ 0.05-0.01).The serum level of progesterone in the Ephedra group (17.68±6.19) μg/L]was lower than that in the ovariectomized group (P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION: Ephedra can promote loss of body mass, reduce levels of the blood lipids and insulin, and increase the serum levels of hormones in ovariectomized obese rats.