体外构建工程化心肌组织的研究与应用

背景:"工程化心肌组织"是应用组织工程的方法,构建出具有天然心肌组织特征的心肌,将它移植到体内,最终修复或完全替代病损组织。但以往研究获得的工程化心肌组织存在较多的缺陷,仍不能满足实际需要。目的:总结体外构建工程化心肌组织方法的研究进展。方法:由第一作者用计算机检索中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI:2000/2010)和Medline(2000/2010)数据库,检索词分别为"心肌,组织工程,心肌构建物"和"Myocardial Constructionmaterials,Tissue Engineering,Myocardial"。从种子细胞、支架材料、体外培养环境和生物反应体系、工程化心肌组织的再血管化、移植实验5方面进行总结,对不同的种子细胞及生物支架材料和体外培养的环境、移植工程化组织的再血管化等方面进行了介绍。共检索到150篇文章,按纳入和排除标准对文献进行筛选,共纳入30篇文章。结果与结论:适合心肌细胞生存和心肌细胞形成的新型生物活性支架,理想的种子细胞、体外培养环境与生物反应体系、移植工程化组织的再血管化,动物移植实验等方面都是组织工程化心肌组织再造的关键所在。构建的组织工程化心肌组织应同时具备良好的收缩功能、稳定的电生理特性、力学强度和柔韧性、无免疫原性及自身能血管化或在移植后能迅速血管化的条件,但未来还需进一步研究。

Research and application of in vitro reconstruction of engineered cardiac tissue

BACKGROUND:"Engineered cardiac tissue" is the application of tissue engineering method,and construct myocardium with natural characteristics;it can be transplanted into the body,and eventually repair or completely replace the damaged tissues.But the engineered cardiac tissue prepared in previous studies exist more defects,and can not meet the actual need.OBJECTIVE:To summarize research progresses of the method of reconstructing engineered cardiac tissue in vitro.METHODS:CNKI and Medline databases(2000/2010) were searched by first author with the Key words of "myocardial construction materials,tissue engineering,myocardial" in Chinese and English,respectively.Four aspects of the seed cells,scaffold materials,culture environment and biological reaction system,engineering cardiac tissue revascularization and experimental transplantation were summarized.Aspects of different seed cells,biological scaffold materials,the in vitro culture environment and transplantation of revascularization engineering tissues were described.Totally 150 papers were searched,and 30 papers were included according to inclusive and exclusive criteria.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The keys of the reconstruction of engineered cardiac tissue are new-type bioactive scaffolds suitable to myocardial cell survival and myocardial cell formation,ideal seed cells,in vitro culture environment and biological reaction system,engineered tissue revascularization and animal transplantation experiments.The engineered cardiac tissue reconstructed should have good systolic function,stable electric physiological characteristics,mechanical strength and toughness as well as no immunogenicity,besides,it can be vascularized by itself or quickly vascularized after transplantation.